OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (CHKHNKLONO OOLOMII.) 



057 



merous others. When the influence of realism 

 began to be felt, he wrote La Fernie du Cho- 

 quard, a picture of rural vices, and other works 

 of the kind. His fiction and his style both lost 

 their charm when newer writers arose. But his 

 literary activity was not confined to this field. 

 As an essayist and critic he exerted considerable 

 influence on French thought, and opened an out- 

 look on the activities of foreign countries that 

 was free from the prejudice and distortion com- 

 mon to French writers. His discussion of public 

 affairs and his literary criticisms were generally 

 printed in the Revue des Deux Mondes under the 

 signature G. Valbert. Selections from these arti- 

 cles were published in book form. One series 

 of studies treats of Spain and the critical period 

 in Spanish politics following the revolution of 

 1868. Another volume is Hommes et Choses d'Al- 

 lemagne. Cherbuliez was a member of the French 

 Academy. 



Chesnelong, Pierre Charles, French politi- 

 cian, born in Orthez, Basses Pyrenees, April 14, 

 1820; died there in July, 1899. He was a re- 

 publican in 1848, but entered the Corps Legislatif 

 in 1859 as an official candidate, and retained his 

 seat until the fall of the empire. In 1872 he was 

 elected to the National Assembly, and took his 

 seat with the Right. He soon made himself 

 known as an active worker for the restoration of 

 the monarchy. He was spokesman of the com- 

 mittee that presented the programme of the party 

 to the Comte de Chambord at Frohsdorff, and 

 got his consent to a charter to be framed by 

 the King and the Assembly in consultation, but 

 not to the retention of the tricolor instead of the 

 white flag. He was elected an irremovable Sena- 

 tor in 1876, and devoted his activities to founding 

 clubs of Christian workingmen, while constitut- 

 ing himself in the Senate a champion of religion, 

 the family, property, and old traditions. 



Chiniquy, Charles, Canadian preacher, born 

 in Kamouraska, Quebec, July 30, 1809; died in 

 Montreal, Jan. 16, 1899. He was parish priest 

 of Beauport until he joined the Oblate Fathers 

 in 1846 in order to devote himself to a crusade 

 against drunkenness, in which he was so success- 

 ful that hundreds of thousands in Lower Canada 

 took the pledge of total abstinence. He emi- 

 grated to Illinois in 1851 and established at 

 Kankakee a colony of 10,000 French Canadians. 

 In 1858 he became a Protestant and devoted his 

 energy and oratorical powers to bitter attacks 

 on the principles and practices of the Roman 

 Catholic Church, going to Quebec in 1859, where 

 he was mobbed. Such riotous assaults were fre- 

 quent incidents of his polemical campaigns dur- 

 ing the next thirty years and more, in which he 

 continued his tours and almost daily addresses 

 in Canada, the United States, Great Britain, and 

 Australia. He was attacked so often with stones, 

 sticks, pistols, and daggers, so many times struck 

 and bruised, that he said the idea of dying under 

 the blows of his enemies was his daily thought. 

 Father Chiniquy was ordained a minister of the 

 Presbyterian Church of Canada. He wrote con- 

 troversial books, the chief of which was Fifty 

 Years in the Church of Rome. 



Chitty, Joseph William, English jurist, born 

 , in London in 1828; died there, Feb. 15, 1899. He 

 was the son of Thomas Chitty, a famous special 

 pleader and author of a text-book on common- 

 law practice, who sent him to Eton, whence he 

 passed to Oxford and won a first-class in hu- 

 mane letters. He was called to the bar in 1856, 

 obtained a large Chancery practice, became a 

 Queen's counsel in 1874, was at the head of the 

 bar in the Court of Rolls, earning an income of 

 VOL. xxxix. 42 A 



13,000, was elected to Parliament, in 1880, and 

 in 1881 was wade a judjje of the Chancery divi- 

 sion of the High Court, becoming virtually the 

 successor to Sir George .Jessel, his friend and 

 guide, in whose court IK; had won his great repu- 

 tation. He was a profound lawyer and a, judge 

 who deliberated well, from whose decisions ap- 

 peals were not frequently made;, and rarely with 

 success. 



Cleveland, Miss Louie (Mrs. Hermann Dick- 

 son), English actress, born in Plymouth, Eng- 

 land, Oct. 22, 1868; died in Paisley, Scotland, 

 March 26, 1899. She came of a theatrical family, 

 and made her first appearance at the age of 

 twelve. Her first engagement was as a singer 

 of small parts in D'Oyly Carte's company, play- 

 ing the Gilbert and Sullivan operas in the Eng- 

 lish provinces. After two years of this work she 

 was engaged by Wilson Barrett at the Princess's 

 Theater, London, where she played boys' and 

 singing parts. She next made a tour of the Con- 

 tinent as the leading singer in Faust up to Date 

 and Carmen. On the visits made by the company 

 from the Gaiety Theater to the United States 

 Miss Cleveland appeared in the principal roles. 

 On her return to England she married Hermann 

 Dickson, a manager, and began to play comedy 

 characters. She was very successful as Polly 

 Eccles in Caste, Selina Sparks in A Merry Mad- 

 cap, and Rebecca in Pink Dominos. She was 

 soubrette of the Princess's Theater, Glasgow, at 

 the time of her fatal illness. 



Colomb, Philip Howard, British naval offi- 

 cer, born in Scotland in May, 1831 ; died in Bot- 

 4ey, Hampshire, Oct. 13, 1899. He entered the 

 navy in 1846, and saw active service on the coast 

 of Portugal. He was a midshipman on the Rey- 

 nard, which was wrecked in 1851 while suppress- 

 ing piracy in the China seas. In 1854 he was 

 mate on the Phoenix in the arctic expedition, 

 and in the Crimean War he served w r ith distinc- 

 tion as a lieutenant. From 1858 to 1868 he was 

 employed in construction in the Devonport dock- 

 yard. For the next twelve years he served at 

 sea as commander and captain in the suppression 

 of the slave trade on the China station and in 

 the Mediterranean. For the remaining period of 

 his active service he commanded at Portsmouth. 

 He was retired as captain in 1886, and on the 

 retired list became rear admiral in 1887 and vice- 

 admiral in 1892. Foreseeing at an early period 

 the changes that would follow the introduction 

 of steam and rifled ordnance, Colomb devised a 

 method of transmitting alphabetical signals by 

 flashing lanterns which was completed in 1861, 

 but not finally adopted till 1867. He studied the 

 alterations in tactics that would be necessary 

 for handling and fighting steam ironclad fleets. 

 He was attached to the Channel fleet in 1863, 

 and authorized to study experimentally the ef- 

 fect of the helm on steam-propelled vessels in 

 varying rates of speed. The fruit of his observa- 

 tions was a new evolutionary manual, issued in 

 1865. He devoted his mind next to the means 

 of avoiding collisions at sea, and after long dis- 

 cussion and controversy most of his views were 

 adopted by the International Conference at 

 Washington in 1889. In 1873 he devised a new 

 system for the interior lighting of ships. His 

 manual of fleet evolutions was published in 1874. 

 After his retirement he gave himself up to the 

 study of naval strategy and the history and the- 

 ory of naval warfare, on which he lectured in the 

 naval college at Greenwich in 1887 and 1888. In 

 1891 he published an elaborate work on Naval 

 Warfare, and in 1893 a volume of Essays on 

 Naval Defense. 



