726 



PORTUGAL. 



obtained also from other powers that the in- 

 tegrity of the Portuguese colonies would be 

 respected. 



Negotiations with the foreign creditors ot J 

 tugal were carried on in Paris, but no definite 

 arrangement was made for the settlement of the 

 debt. The Prime Minister assured the ^Cortes 

 that under no circumstances would the Govern- 

 ment sign a convention admitting foreign control 

 over the finances of Portugal. The budget for 

 1900 showed a deficit of 1,545,000 milreis, but the 

 Minister of Finance, relying on a slight increase 

 of taxation and a more favorable state of the 

 exchange, hoped to bring about a balance. The 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs continued his negoti- 

 ations with various governments for new com- 

 mercial treaties based on the policy of protecting 

 the industries and agriculture of the country. In 

 the negotiations with Germany and England and 

 with some other countries the principal object 

 was to secure favorable terms for the introduc- 

 tion of Portuguese wines. With Spain an ar- 

 rangement was sought that would facilitate trade 

 in coffee and other produce from Portuguese col- 

 onies to take the place of the imports Spain had 

 received until recently from the colonies she had 

 lost. A commercial arrangement was made with 

 the United States by which special tariff rates 

 were conceded by the United States on brandies, 

 vermouth, still wines, sparkling wines, argols, and 

 paintings and statuary in return for a correspond- 

 ing reduction on American articles imported into 

 Portugal. The Cortes approved the project for 

 laying the German cable from the Azores to 

 North America and to Great Britain and Ger- 

 many. 



Colonies. The Portuguese possessions in Afri- 

 ca are the Cape Verde Islands, with an area of 

 1,480 square miles and 114,130 population; Por- 

 tuguese Guinea, with an estimated area of 4,440 

 square miles and 820,000 population; the islands 

 of Principe and St. Thomas, with an area 

 of 360 square miles and 24,660 population; An- 



fola, with an area of 484,800 square miles and 

 ,119,000 population; and Portuguese East Africa, 

 with an area of 301,000 square miles and 3,120,000 

 population; total estimated area, 792,040 square 

 miles, with an estimated total population of 

 8,197,790. 



The population of Cape Verde is of mixed Por- 

 tuguese and negro extraction. The products of 

 the islands are coffee, millet, and medicinal plants. 

 The revenue for 1899 was estimated at 336,400 

 milreis. and expenditure at 292,739 milreis. The 

 imports were 1,595,900 milreis in value in 1896; 

 exports, 386,500 milreis. 



Portuguese Guinea is a territory on the coast 

 of Senegambia inclosed by French possessions. 

 Caoutchouc, wax, oil seeds, ivory, and skins are 

 exported to the amount of 221,000 milreis, while 

 the imports are 283,000 milreis. The revenue for 

 1899 was estimated at 72,280 milreis; expenditure, 

 180,854 milreis. 



Principe and St. Thomas are inhabited by creole 

 settlers and a laboring population of negroes. 

 The former island produces 600,000 kilogrammes 

 of cacao a year, the latter 2,250,000 kilogrammes 

 of coffee. The cinchona tree is cultivated on both 

 islands. The revenue for 1899 was estimated at 

 356,373 milreis; expenditure, 292,971 milreis. The 

 imports in 1896 were valued at 1,055,500 milreis 

 and exports at 2,283,917 milreis. 



Angola is divided into the districts of Congo, 

 Loanda, Benguela, Mossamedes, and Lunda. Cop- 

 per, iron, gold, petroleum, and salt are found, 

 and mining rights have been granted to a German 

 syndicate, with concessions for curing fish and 



PRESBYTERIANS. 



raising cattle. The staple products are coffee 

 and caoutchouc, besides which wax, sugar, oils, 

 cocoanuts, ivory, hides, and fish are exported. 

 The revenue for 1899 was estimated at 1,051,797 

 milreis, and expenditure at 1,846,469 milreis. The 

 imports in 1896 were valued at 3,451,456 milreis 

 in 1896; exports, 4,612,800 milreis. The railroad 

 into the interior has a length of 230 miles; length 

 of telegraphs, 430 miles. The posts were visited 

 by 286 vessels, of 431,774 tons, in 1896. (For 

 Portuguese East Africa see CAPE COLONY AND 

 SOUTH AFRICA.) 



In Asia Portugal possesses Goa, on the Mala- 

 bar coast; Damfto and the island of Din in Bom- 

 bay; the city of Macao, on the island of that 

 name, at the mouth of the Canton river; and 

 the eastern part of the island of Timor, in the 

 Malay Archipelago, with the small adjacent inland 

 of Pulo Cambing. Goa has an area of 1,390 

 square miles, with a population of 494,836; Damao 

 and Diu have an area of 168 square miles, with 

 77,454 population; Macao has an area of 4 square 

 miles, with 78.627 population; and Timor ha- ;m 

 area of 7.458 square miles, with about 300,000 

 population, making the total area of the Asiatic 

 colonies 9.020 square miles and the total popula- 

 tion 940,917. 



In Goa and Daman the manufacture of salt is 

 the principal industry. The salt works of 

 produce 12,200 tons annually. The impoits 

 amounted in 1897 to 644,!>:M rupees; exports, 75,- 

 186 rupees; transit trade. 4.224.7S7 rupees. A 

 military force of 1,030 men is maintained in \'\ 

 tuguese India, including 1.426 native soldiers. The 

 revenue for 1899 was estimated at 924,394 mil- 

 reis: expenditure, 1,070,584 milreis. 



The trade of Macao is mainly Iran-it. For- 

 merly opium was smuggled into China, but n<>\\ 

 there is a Chinese customhouse in the city. Later 

 a considerable trade sprung up in opium imported 

 in the crude state and manufactured in Macao 

 for export to California and Australia, and $1 . l_'v 

 000 worth was exported in IS'.M;. although this 

 trade also has fallen away. Of the total popu- 

 lation 74,568 are Chinese, ami these have 1 he 

 commerce of the port in their control. The other 

 inhabitants are 3.106 native Portugue-e. ill 

 tiers from Portugal. 177 from other Portuguese 

 possessions, and 161 of other nationalities. The 

 revenue for 1899 was estimated at 433,575 mil- 

 reis; expenditure, 388,929 milreis. 



Timor produces coffee and wax. The revenue 

 for 1899 was estimated at 146.726 milreis, includ- 

 ing a contribution of 38,400 milreis from Macao; 

 expenditure, 176.965 milreis. A delimitation of 

 the boundary between Portuguese Timor and tin- 

 Dutch part of the island has been agreed to. but 

 not yet carried out. 



PRESBYTERIANS. I. Presbyterian Church 

 in the United States of America. The sum- 

 mary of the statistics of this Church reported to 

 the General Assembly in May gives the following 

 footings: Number of synods. 32; of pre-l>\ t. -i i. -. 

 232; of ministers, 7,312; of churches. 7.<i:.7: of 

 communicants. 983,907; of members of Sabbath 

 schools, 1,029,229; of candidates for the ministry. 

 1.115; of local evangelists, 137; of licentiates. 

 433; of elders. 28.252; of dea.-ons. U.S47 ol 

 churches organized during the year, 108, auain-t 

 65 dissolved; of members added on examination. 

 48,259; of baptisms, 17.682 of adults and -J4.'.'.is 

 of infants. Amount of contributions: For home 

 missions, $1,095.311: for foreign missions, > 

 976; for education, $143.130: 'for Sabbath-school 

 work. $121.177; for church erection. slil..v.'7: for 

 the Relief fund. $98,304: for the freedmen. $137.- 

 567; for synodical aid, $85,921; for aid for col- 



