SPAIN. 



805 



talion of telegraph troops, 1 brigade for topo- 

 graphic service, 1 company of engineer artificers, 

 8 depots of reserve artillery, 8 depots of engineer 

 reserves, 16 companies of administrative troops, 

 and 6 sanitary companies. There are 55 regiments 

 of infantry reserves and 14 of cavalry reserves. 

 The effective of the active army was fixed for 

 1900 at 80,000 men. 



The Navy. The armored cruisers Maria Te- 

 resa, Oquendo, and Vizcaya, of 7,000 tons, and 

 the Cristobal Colon, of 6,840 tons, with the de- 

 stroyers Furor and Pluton, were lost at the bat- 

 tle of Santiago on July 3, 1898. The Reina Cris- 

 tina, Castillo, Antonio de Ulloa, Juan de Austria, 

 Isla de Cuba, Isla de Luzon, Velasco, and Min- 

 danao were destroyed in the battle of Cavite on 

 May 1, 1898. The gunboats Delgado Parayo and 

 Centenella were burned at Manzanillo on July 20 

 and the Jorge Juan sunk at Nipe on July 21, 1898. 

 Other gunboats were captured by the Americans 

 in Cuba and the Philippines. The effective ves- 

 sels left in the Spanish navy are 1 battle ship, 

 2 coast-defense armor clads, 4 armored cruisers, 

 5 second-class and 4 third-class cruisers, 60 gun- 

 boats of various sizes, and 20 first-class, 3 second- 

 class, and 4 third-class torpedo boats. Three 

 small cruisers, a gunboat, and 4 first-class torpedo 

 boats were not yet completed when the war ended. 

 The battle ship Pelayo, of 9,900 tons, built in 

 France in 1887 and reconstructed in 1898, has 

 a belt of steel armor 18 inches in the thickest 

 part, carries 2 12.5-inch and 2 11 -inch guns in 

 barbette turrets, with 15 quick-firing guns, and 

 has engines of 6,800 horse power, capable of mak- 

 ing 15.8 knots. The Emperador Carlos V is an 

 armored cruiser built at Cadiz in 1892, of 9,235 

 tons displacement, carrying a powerful secondary 

 armament, and having engines of 15,000 horse 

 power, capable of steaming 20 knots. The Cata- 

 luila, Cardenal Cisneros, and Princesa de Astu- 

 rias, of 7,000 tons, are of the type of the belted 

 cruisers that were sunk by the Americans, having 

 12 inches of steel armor and engines of 13,000 

 horse power, giving a nominal speed of 20 knots. 

 The coast-defense vessels are the antiquated iron- 

 clads Numancia and Vitoria. The new protected 

 cruisers Alfonso XIII and Lepanto, of 4,800 tons, 

 have engines of 12,000 horse power, capable of 

 a speed of 20 knots. 



Commerce and Production. Of the total 

 area of Spain about 80 per cent, is productive, 

 and of this 33.8 per cent, is given up to agricul- 

 tural crops, 3.7 per cent, to vineyards, 1.6 per 

 cent, to olive groves, 20.8 per cent, to fruits, and 

 19.7 per cent, to grazing and meadow. Wine is 

 the most important product. Oranges, olives, 

 raisins, grapes, and nuts are exported largely. 

 The agricultural crops are wheat, rye, barley, 

 corn, esparto, flax, hemp, and leguminous plants. 

 In 1895 there were 383,113 horses, 1,496,703 asses 

 and mules, 2,071,326 cattle, 16,469,303 sheep, 2,820,- 

 827 goats, and 1,910,368 hogs. The land has 

 passed into the hands of a great number of pro- 

 prietors. On the tax lists there are 3,426,000 sepa- 

 rate properties, five times as many as at the 

 beginning- of the century. The mineral resources 

 of Spain are valuable. The value of mineral 

 produoo in 1896 was 108,221,668 pesetas, and of 

 m Hjils extracted 141,476,545 pesetas. The quan- 

 tity of coal produced was 1,830,771 tons; of iron 

 ore, 6,808,000 tons; of pig lead, 170,790 tons; of 

 copper ore, 2,82,5,000 tons; of zinc, 45,000 tons; 

 of iron pyrites, 200,000 tons; of manganese, 100,- 

 000 tons; of salt, 350,000 tons; of silver, 222,900 

 kilogrammes; of mercury, 1,513,999 kilogrammes. 

 The produce of the fisheries is worth about 38,- 

 000,000 pesetas a year, most of this coming from 



the tunny, cod, and sardine catches. The sardines 

 canned every year amount to 15,000,000 pesetas. 



The bulk of the manufactures of Spain were 

 formerly exported to the colonies. In 1892 the 

 manufacturers of Catalonia obtained a practical 

 monopoly of the colonial markets by securing 

 a large increase in the customs tariff on manu- 

 factured goods. This gave a great impetus to 

 the industries, and brought wealth to the capi- 

 talists of the industrial province and led to many 

 new factories being started. Foreigners who had a 

 business established in the colonies could only 

 retain it by selling Spanish goods or building 

 factories of their own in Spain. The exports to 

 Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines increased 

 from 172,500,000 pesetas in 1894 to 210,500,000 

 pesetas in 1896, two thirds of the total consisting 

 of manufactured goods. The export trade with 

 the colonies was nearly a quarter of the total 

 export trade of Spain. About 23,000,000 pesetas 

 was paid annually to Spanish steamship com- 

 panies for freight and passage money to the colo- 

 nies. Two fifths of the Spanish exports to Cuba 

 consisted of provisions. A considerable part of 

 this trade is retained in spite of the loss of the 

 island and the cessation of discriminating duties. 

 Spanish goods are admitted by treaty on the same 

 terms as American. 



The total value of the imports in 1898 was 595,- 

 925.751 pesetas, compared with 784,196,987 pese- 

 tas in 1897; of exports, 859,747,055 pesetas, com- 

 pared with 979,545,623 pesetas in the preceding 

 year. Imports of stone, minerals, glassware, and 

 pottery were 72,715,632 pesetas in 1897 and 58,- 

 120,006 pesetas in 1898; exports, 126,508,381 pese- 

 tas in 1897 and 127,217,080 pesetas in 1898; 

 imports of metals and metal manufactures, 24,- 

 651,656 pesetas in 1897 and 6,850,248 pesetas in 

 1898; exports, 100,230,107 pesetas in 1897 and 

 101,303,110 pesetas in 1898; imports of drugs and 

 chemicals, 60,183,616 pesetas in 1897 and 53,239,- 

 528 pesetas in 1898; exports, 23,861,030 pesetas 

 in 1897 and 22,291,954 pesetas in 1898; imports 

 of cotton and cotton manufactures, 93,300,414 

 pesetas in 1897 and 80,831,060 pesetas in 1898; 

 exports, 61,877,498 pesetas in 1897 and 37,948,534 

 pesetas in 1898; imports of other vegetable fibers 

 and manufactures thereof, 22,822,432 pesetas in 

 1897 and 21,848,147 pesetas in 1898; exports, 

 4,098,348 pesetas in 1897 and 2,564,513 pesetas in 

 1898; imports of wool and hair and manufactures 

 thereof, 20,142,415 pesetas in 1897 and 15,124,126 

 pesetas in 1898; exports, 17,662,758 pesetas in 

 1897 and 19,903,614 pesetas in 1898; imports of 

 silk and silk manufactures, 19,055,231 pesetas in 

 1897 and 14,469,342 pesetas in 1898; exports, 

 4,972,237 pesetas in 1897 and 4,847,623 pesetas in 

 1898; imports of paper and paper manufactures, 

 9,080,978 pesetas in 1897 and 7,082,525 pesetas in 

 1898; exports, 11,725,116 pesetas in 1897 and 

 8,774,969 pesetas in 1898; imports of timber and 

 wood manufactures, 45,342,129 pesetas in 1897 

 and 34,045,202 pesetas in 1898; exports, 43,554,124 

 pesetas in 1897 and 46,848,309 pesetas in 1898; 

 imports of machinery, vehicles, and vessels, 49,- 

 911,624 pesetas in 1897 and 39,551,263 pesetas in 

 1898; exports, 521,517 pesetas in 1897 and 1,750,- 

 226 pesetas in 1898; imports of grain, sugar, wine, 

 and other alimentary substances, 148,235.985 

 pesetas in 1897 and 98,798,401 pesetas in 1898; 

 exports, 334,036,792 pesetas in 1897 and 399,601,- 

 954 pesetas in 1898; imports of miscellaneous, 

 products, 5,822,002 pesetas in 1897 and 3,823,346 

 pesetas in 1898; exports, 15,400,305 pesetas in 

 1897 and 1,930,135 pesetas in 1898; various spe- 

 cial imports, 21,532,866 pesetas in 1897 and 25,- 

 792,057 pesetas in 1898; imports of gold and silver 



