808 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



a certain value or pay taxes on 800 kroner of 

 income. The Council of State at the beginning 

 of 1899 was composed as -follows: Minister of 

 State, Erik Gustaf Bostrom; Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs, Count Ludvig Vilhelm August Douglas; 

 Minister of Justice, Per Samuel Ludvig Anner- 

 stedt; Minister of War, Baron Axel Emil Rappe; 

 Minister of Marine, Jarl Casimir Eugene Chris- 

 terson; Minister of the Interior, Julius Edvard 

 von Krusenstjerna; Minister of Finance. Count 

 Hans Hansson Wachtmeister ; Minister of Edu- 

 cation and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Nils Ludwig 

 Alfred Claeson; Councilors of State, Baron Albert 

 Lars Evert Akerhielm and Sven Herman Wikblad. 



Finances. The total revenue for 1900 was 

 estimated in the budget at 137.307.000 kroner, 

 of which 93.450,000 kroner are the receipts classed 

 as extraordinary, 22.541,000 kroner the ordinary 

 receipts, and 21,316.000 kroner the balance from 

 preceding budgets. Of the ordinary receipts 983,- 

 000 kroner are derived from the land tax, 1,500,- 

 000 kroner froni tonnage dues, 2,200,000 kronor 

 from rent of public lands, 700.000 kronor from 

 the personal tax, 10,000,000 kronor net from rail- 

 roads, 1,510,000 kronor from telegraphs, 4,000,000 

 kronor from forests, and 1,048,000 kronor from 

 various sources. Of the extraordinary receipts 

 45,200,000 kronor are derived from customs, 10,- 

 800,000 kronor from the post office, 4,700,000 

 kronor from stamps, 17,500.000 kronor from the 

 duty on spirits, 9,000.000 kronor from the beet- 

 sugar duty, 6,000,000 kronor from the income 

 tax, and 750,000 kronor from various sources. 

 The total expenditures are made to balance the 

 revenue. The ordinary expenditures are set down 

 as 84,941,530 kronor, of which 1.320,000 kronor 

 are for the royal household, 3,842,450 kronor for 

 justice, 629,250 kronor for foreign affairs, 27,461,- 

 078 kronor for the array, 7,484,840 kronor for the 

 navy, 5,831,900 kronor for the interior, 14,194,- 

 672 kronor for worship and public instruction, 

 3,429,450 kronor for pensions, and 20.747,890 

 kronor for finance, including 2,804.200 kronor for 

 customs, 10,305,000 kronor for the post office. 

 450,000 kronor for excise, 1,510,000 kronor for 

 telegraphs, 1,602,000 kronor for forests, and 4,070,- 

 690 kronor for other expenses. The extraordi- 

 nary expenditures are 39,299,170 kronor, of which 

 19,525,132 kronor are for the army and navy, 

 and 19,774,038 kronor for various expenditure's, 

 including 11,416,300 kronor for the debt, etc., 

 1,400,000 kronor for insurance of workmen 

 against sickness and old age, and 250,000 kronor 

 for accident insurance. The internal loan of 1887 

 amounted on Jan. 1, 1900, to 48,779,000 kronor and 

 various foreign loans to 234,944,011 kronor; total 

 public debt, 283,723,011 kronor, paying 3 and 3 

 per cent, interest. 



Commerce and Production. Agriculture, for- 

 estry, and mining are of almost equal impor- 

 tance. Of the total area of Sweden about 8.4 

 per cent, is under crops, 3.6 per cent, meadow 

 and pasture, and 47.5 per cent, forest. The crop 

 of rye in 1897 was 8,316,400 hectolitres; of barlev, 

 5,040,500 hectolitres; of oats, 20.605.900 hecto- 

 litres; of wheat, 1,611,200 hectolitres; of mixed 

 grain, 3,356,200 hectolitres: of pulse, 848,300 hec- 

 tolitres; of potatoes, 19,772,500 hectolitres. The 

 total value of the cereal crops was 265,200,000 

 kronor. There were 512,406 horses, 2,554,577 cat- 

 tle, 1,298,732 sheep, and 788,736 hogs in 1897. In 

 1896 the number of cattle exported was 25,146, 

 and of sheep 12,793. The output of iron ore in 

 1896 was 2,038,094 tons; the production of pig 

 iron was 487,147 tons and of bar iron 321.615 

 tons. The export of iron ore was 1,150.695 tons- 

 of pig iron, 71,343 tons; of bar iron, 180,372 tons. 



Of other ores 15,381 tons of silver lead, 27,351 

 tons of copper, 44,041 tons of zinc, and 2,050 tons 

 of manganese ore were raised. The production 

 of coal was 225,878 tons. The quantity of gold 

 produced was 114, of silver 2,082, of lead 1,518,- 

 419, of copper 248,580 kilogrammes. 



The total value of imports in 1897 was 408,- 

 332,000 kronor. and of exports 358,195,000 kronor. 

 The imports of coal were 38,120,000 kronor in 

 value: coffee. 20,H38,(M)0 kronor: machinery, 19,- 

 876.000 kronor; rye and wheat, 19,273,000 kronor; 

 woolen goods, 17,039,000 kronor; hides and skins. 

 14.218,000 kronor: iron manufactures, 14,OHMXM> 

 kronor; cotton, 11. 201, (MM) kronor; woolen yarn, 

 10,405,000 kronor; fish, 10,355,000 kronor; cotton 

 goods, 8.475.000 kronor: petroleum, 8.451, (MM) kro- 

 nor: vegetable oils, 7,214,000 kronor; tob;i<<<>. 

 0,091.000 kronor: wood manufactures, 0,4Ss.uuo 

 kronor: wool. 5.311,000 kronor; iron, 5,20O.M<><> 

 kronor: paper, 4,755,000 kronor; silks, 4,182.000 

 kronor: wine, 3,320,000 kronor; clothing, 3.-J7',.- 

 000 kronor. The exports of timber were valued 

 at 150.303.000 kronor; iron, 43,843,000 kronor; 

 butter. 41.592,000 kronor; wood pulp, 16,730,000 

 kronor: iron manufactures, 8,381. (MM) kronor; 

 machinery, 7.089,000 kronor; paper, 7,157.inO 

 kronor: matches, 0.598.000 kronor; fish, 4,9o:>.uoo 

 kronor: cotton goods, 4,003,000 kronor; animnU. 

 4.307 .(MM) kronor; glass, 4,197,000 kronor. 



The commerce in 1897 was distributed among 

 foreign countries as shown in the following table, 

 giving values in kronor: 



Navigation. The number of vessels that \\.-n- 

 entered at Swedish ports in 1897 was 32,785, of 

 7,420,000 tons, of which 16.575, of 2,652,000 t.ms. 

 were Swedish: 2.249, of 863,000 tons, were Nor- 

 wegian: and 13,961, of 3,914,000 tons, were for- 

 eign. The total number cleared was 32,837. <>t 

 7.449,000 tons, of which 16.423, of 2,648,000 tm-. 

 were Swedish; 2,444, of 876,000 tons, were Nor- 

 wegian: and 13,970, of 3.925,000 tons, were for- 

 eign. Of the total number entered 13.296, of 3.<M7.- 

 000 tons, were with cargoes; of the number cl<-;n. <1 

 21,179, of 5,372,000 tons, were with cargoes. The 

 number of steamers among the vessels entered 

 was 15,196, of 6,057,000 tons, of which 5.044. of 

 2,444,000 tons, were with cargoes: the number of 

 steamers cleared was 15,292, of 6,092,000 ton-, "t 

 which 8,080, of 4,136,000 tons, were with cargoes. 



The merchant navy on Jan. 1. 1898. mn-i-N-d 

 of 2,002 sailing vessels, of 289,490 tons, and . so 

 steamers, of 230.636 tons. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 railroads on Jan. 1. 1899. had a total length of 

 6,432 miles, of which 2,282 miles belonged to the 

 state and 4.150 miles to companies. 



The post office during 1897 carried 01.825.000 

 internal. 13.883,000 international, and 230.000 

 transit letters, 7,745,000 internal, 1,116,000 inlrr- 



