810 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



graph services, 14,444,717 kroner for the Govern- 

 ment railroads, 4,549,703 kroner for roads, canals, 

 harbors, etc., 3,711,288 kroner for finance and cus- 

 toms, 585,450 kroner for mines, 1, 521,900 kroner 

 for amortization of debt, 5,790,378 kroner for in- 

 terest, 15,824,000 kroner for the army, 3,01 8.30' 

 kroner for the navy, 773,590 kroner for foreign 

 affairs, and 2,050,007 kroner for miscellaneous ex- 

 penses. 



The national debt on June 30, 1898. amounted 

 to 180,171,300 kroner, most of it paying 3 and 

 34 per cent. The assets of the Government, in- 

 cluding the invested funds, collectable arrears, 

 and the value of the railroads, were 1 00,303. 90< 

 kroner. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 railroads in 1898 had a total length of 1,228 miles. 

 The state telegraph lines had a total length of 

 7,480 miles, with 17,020 miles of wire; the rail- 

 road telegraph lines a length of 1,170 miles, with 

 2,158 miles of wire. The number of internal dis- 

 patches in 1898 was 1,320,979; of international 

 dispatches, 795,715; of service dispatches, 24,778; 

 receipts, 2,003,879 kroner; expenses, 2,170,350 

 kroner. 



The post office forwarded in 1898 in the internal 

 service 33,503,000 letters and postal cards, 2,230,- 

 900 money letters, containing 334,500,000 kroner, 

 and 48,743,400 newspapers, etc.; in the foreign 

 .service, 11,200,500 letters and postal cards, 84,900 

 money letters, containing 23,500,000 kroner, and 

 5,002,700 newspapers, etc. The receipts were 

 4,497,807 kroner; expenses, 4.183,221 kroner. 



Commerce and Production. Only 25 per 

 cent, of the land surface of Norway is productive, 

 22 per cent, being forest and 3 per cent, agricul- 

 tural land. The cereal products of 1897 were 

 valued at 37,792,700 kroner, the rye crop alone 

 at 17,029,000 kroner. Of the forests, covering 

 20,320 square miles, 73 per cent, is pine. The 

 Government forests are 3,870 square miles in area. 

 The export of timber in 1897 was valued at 42,- 

 212,400 kroner; of wood manufactures, 19.401.900 

 kroner. The mineral products are not worth more 

 than 3,000,000 kroner a year, metals not more 

 than 1,300,000 kroner. Much more important are 

 the fishery products. Their value in 1890 was 

 21,714,253 kroner, the codfish alone being valued 

 at 14,332,000 kroner and herring at 2,048,514 

 kroner. This total does not include the catch of 

 whale, seal, walrus, etc., worth 4,000,000 kroner 

 a year. The value of merchandise imports in 

 1898 was 280,179,000 kroner; of exports, 159,349,- 

 000 kroner. The imports of cereals were valued 

 at 45,000,000 and exports at 700,000 kroner; im- 

 ports of liquors at 8,000,000 and exports at 500,- 

 000 kroner; imports of colonial products at 24,- 

 500,000 and exports at 700,000 kroner; imports 

 of fruits and vegetables at 4,700,000 and exports 

 at 100,000 kroner; imports of animals and animal 

 products at 14,500,000 and exports at 51,700,000 

 kroner; imports of coal at 17,300,000 kroner; im- 

 ports of metals at 10,500,000 and exports at 1,400,- 

 000 kroner; imports of hides and leather at 10- 

 200,000 and exports at 5,900,000 kroner; imports 

 of textile materials at 5,300,000 and exports at 

 200,000 kroner; imports of timber at 5,700,000 

 and exports at 40,200,000 kroner ; imports of min- 

 erals at 0,200,000 and exports at 7,200,000 kroner; 

 imports of metal manufactures at 23,200,000 and 

 exports at 2,200,000 kroner; imports of textile 

 manufactures at 34,900,000 and exports at 500,- 

 000 kroner; imports of paper at 2.300,000 and 

 exports at 8,800,000 kroner; imports of leather 

 goods at 1,200,000 and exports at 400,000 kroner; 

 imports of wood manufactures at 3,900,000 and 

 exports at 21,500,000 kroner; imports of dru<*s 



and colors at 1,500,000 and exports at 200,000 

 kroner: imports of oils at 13,300,000 and exports 

 at 0.100.000 kroner; imports of miscellaneous 

 articles at 47,400,000 and exports at ll,OI>o.<iu<i 

 kroner. 



The commerce of 1898 was distributed among 

 foreign countries as follows, values being given 

 in kroner: 



Navigation. The Norwegian merchant ma- 

 rine on Jan. 1. 1898, comprised 7,147 vessel- of 

 all sixes, of 1,552,199 tons, and of these 3,700. of 

 1.451.753 tons, were engaged in foreign commerce. 

 The total number of sailing vessel- was r, 143. of 

 1,109.079 tons, of which 3,109, of 1,090.100 t.ni>. 

 were in the foreign trade; the total numb, i of 

 steamers 1,004. of383,120 tons, of which 591. of 

 301,053 tons, were in the foreign trade. The mini- 

 lxr of vessels entered at the ports of Norway 

 during 1898 was 13,831, of 3,077,380 tons, of 

 which 6,504. of 1,903,013 tons, were with cargoef 

 and 7,327, of 1.114,373 tons, in ballast: the total 

 number cleared was 13,729, of 3.055,931 ton-, of 

 which 12,502, of 2,533,729 tons, were with cai 

 and 1,227, of 522,202 tons, in ballast. Of the t..ial 

 numl>er entered 7,198, of 2.055,522 tons. \\en- Nor 

 wegian and 6,033, of 1,021,864 tons, foreign: of 

 the total miml>er cleared 7,091. of 2,030.o<il ton-. 

 were Norwegian and 6,638, of 1,025,867 tons, for- 

 eign. 



The Army and Navy. The Norwegian an iv.- 

 anny is composed of the young men between 

 twenty-four and thirty years'of age, who receive a 

 training of from forty-eight to seventy day- in lilt- 

 first year and twenty-four days in succeeding 

 years. The Landwehr and Landsturm. in which 

 all Norwegians capable of bearing arms are in- 

 scribed till they are fifty years old, are called 

 out only for the defense of the country. The 

 maritime population serve in the navy, and be- 

 tween the ages of twenty-three and thin\ BUI 

 are liable to be called out for seventy days an- 

 nually. The strength of the active land am 

 about 1,700 officers and instructors and is.uoo 

 men. By means of the Landwehr this force -an 

 be doubled. 



The fleet consists of 2 armor clads built in 

 England in 1897, the Harald Haarfager and Tor 

 denskjold, of 3,500 tons each, 4 ironclad monitor-. 

 3 first-class and 8 second-class gunbo'al-. 1 tor- 

 pedo dispatch boat, and 6 first-class and 15 sec- 

 ond-class torpedo craft. The 2 modern crui-ers 

 are capable of making 17 knots and carry ^ 

 guns each, the largest being of 8-inch caliber. The 

 aggregate tonnage of 37 vessels i> 10.359 t>n-: 

 their armament is 142 guns, but the vessels are 

 mostly of antiquated types and few of the ^un- 

 are modern. 



Constitutional Conflict with Sweden.^ The 

 Norwegians in their struggle with the Swedish 

 Government gained a moral advantage in 1H99 

 by having the Swedish emblem symbolizing the 



