822 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



The Senate can remove the President after a trial 

 on articles of impeachment presented by the 

 House of Representatives, and other executive 

 officers can be removed for unconstitutional ac- 

 tions by the same procedure. The President nomi- 

 nates the officers of the Cabinet, who are the 

 heads of the eight administrative departments, 

 and all other superior officials, but his appoint- 

 ments must be confirmed by the Senate. The 

 President and Vice-President are elected by a col- 

 leo-e of electors, who are chosen by each State 

 in the manner that the Legislature prescribes, 

 which is in almost every State by popular suf- 

 frage, their number being equal to the sum of the 

 Senators and Representatives of the State. It 

 is the custom of political parties to nominate in 

 national convention their candidates for the 

 presidency and vice-presidency, and for the 

 electors, who are chosen by each State on a col- 

 lective ticket, to vote solidly for the candidates 

 designated by their parties beforehand. Thus the 

 election of the President and Vice-President lias 

 come to be in fact, though not in form, by the 

 direct vote of the nation. The term of the presi- 

 dency is four years, and elections are held on the 

 Tuesday following the first Monday in November 

 of every leap year. The President-elect is sworn 

 into office on March. 4 of the year following. The 

 President for the term ending March 4, 1901, is 

 William McKinley, of Ohio, and the Vice-Presi- 

 dent was Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey. The 

 Cabinet at the beginning of 1809 was composed as 

 follows: Secretary of State, John Hay. of the 

 District of Columbia; Secretary of the Treasury, 

 Lyman J. Gage, of Illinois; Secretary of War, 

 Russell A. Alger, of Michigan; Attorney-Gen- 

 eral, John William Griggs, of New Jersey : Post- 

 master-General, Charles Emory Smith, of Penn- 

 sylvania; Secretary of the Navy, John Davis 

 Long, of Massachusetts; Secretary of the In- 

 terior, Ethan Allen Hitchcock, of Missouri; Sec- 

 retary of Agriculture, James Wilson, of Iowa. 

 Elihu Root, of New York, was appointed Secre- 

 tary of War on the resignation of Mr. Alger. 



Area and Population. The area of the 

 United States, including 3 Territories represented 

 by Delegates in Congress and the Indian Terri- 

 tory, is 3,025,600 square miles. Alaska has an 

 area estimated at 531,400 square miles. The 

 population at the census of 1890 was 62,622.250, 

 exclusive of 179,321 in the Indian Territory and 

 30,329 in Alaska. The total population was esti- 

 mated, including these Territories, at 77,803.000 

 at the beginning of 1899. Hawaii, with an area 

 of 6,740 square miles and a population of 109,020, 

 was annexed in 1898, and by the treaty of peace 

 concluded on Dec. 10, 1898, Spain ceded to the 

 United States Porto Rico, with an area of 3.670 

 square miles and a population of 798,566; Guam, 

 with an area of 370 square miles and 9.172 in- 

 habitants; and the Philippine Islands, including 

 the Sulu Archipelago, having an area of about 

 115,300 square miles and a population estimated 

 at 9,000.000. Including these new dependencies, 

 the total area subject to the legislation of the 

 Congress of the United States is 3,683,080 square 

 miles, with a total population of nearly 88.000.000. 



Immigration. Of 229,299 immigrants into 

 the United States in 1898, the number that came 

 through the port of New York was 178,748; 

 through Boston, 12,271; through Baltimore, 10,- 

 735; through Philadelphia, 8,360; through San 

 Francisco, 2,274; through other ports, 16,911, in- 

 cluding 10,737 who passed through Canada. The 

 immigration from British America and Mexico is 

 not reported. Of the total number as above given,* 

 52,531 were laborers, 23,656 servants, 16,243 farm- 



ers, 2,904 carpenters, 3,826 tailors, 3,229 shoe- 

 makers, 1.152 blacksmiths, 1,(>04 miners, 2,031 

 clerks. The number of professional men was 

 1,342: of skilled laborers, 33,145; of other occu- 

 pations, 104,238; occupation not stated, 149; of 

 no occupation, including women and children, 

 90,425. The total number of immigrants in the 

 year ending June 30, 1899, was 311,715, of whom 

 98,730 were Italians, 32,345 Irish, 28,466 Poles, 

 26,631 Germans, 23,249 Scandinavians, 15,838 

 Slovaks, and 10,712 English. The total number 

 of European immigrants was 297,349; from A-ia. 

 8.972; from Africa, 51; from all other sources, 

 5,343. The total immigration was divided a- to 

 sex into 195.277 males and 116,438 females. The 

 number of Chinese of the exempt classes admitted 

 during the year was 3.925; the number refused 

 admission was 950. The laws and regulation- n 

 garding immigration were extended to Cuba, 

 Porto Rico, and the Philippines. 



The Army. The authorized strength of the 

 regular army under the act of March 4, 1899. is 

 65.000 enjisted men. The President was further 

 authorized to raise a volunteer force of 35.000 

 men for the term of two years and four months. 

 or until July 1, 1901, at which period the volun- 

 teer force shall be discharged, or earlier if the 

 necessity therefor ceases, and the regular army 

 be reduced to its former strength of 2(1. MO 

 men. The regular army on July 1, 1899, num- 

 bered 581 general officers, staff officers, medical 

 officers, and officers of engineers and the Signal 

 Corps, with 2.093 men; 1,177 infantry officers ;m<l 

 34,450 men; 472 cavalry officers and 12,340 men: 

 357 artillery officers and 11.970 men; 752 men in 

 the Engineer Corps; 720 men in the Signal Serviee : 

 and 75 Indian scouts. The army is organ i/ed 

 in 25 infantry regiments, including 2 of colored 

 troops, each composed of 3 battalions of 4 com- 

 panies; 10 regiments of cavalry, including 2 col- 

 ored regiments, each having 3 sections of 4 troops 

 of 100 men; 7 regiments of artillery of 14 bat- 

 teries, including 2 mounted batteries of 6 pi- 

 1 battalion of engineers, having 5 compani- 

 medical corps, a detachment of mechanician-. :md 

 a detachment at the Military Academy. The in- 

 fantry are armed with the Krag-JSrgensen rifles 

 of 30* millimetres caliber, the mounted artillery 

 with breech-loading guns of the caliber of - - 

 inches. 



The volunteer army, commanded by 4 major 

 generals and 17 brigadier generals, consisted of J7 

 infantry regiments, including 2 colored regiment-. 

 and 3 regiments of cavalry, numbering l.joo 

 officers and 31.416 men in the infantry and ">) 

 officers and 1.234 men in the cavalry. l>e-ide- 14 

 officers and 400 men in a native battalion in 

 Porto Rico. 



The organized militia of the States con-i-i- <>f 

 9.376 officer* and 115.627 men. There are 10,- 

 149,184 able-bodied men in the count rv. 



The Navy. The navy of the United States at 

 the end of 1898 comprised 4 first-class battje 

 ships (the Iowa, of 11,340 tons, and the Indiana, 

 Massachusetts, and Oregon, of 10.288 tons) : the 

 second-class battle ship Texas, of r.31."> tons: the 

 armored cruisers Brooklyn and New York : the 

 protected cruisers Columbia and Minneapolis, of 

 7,375 tons, and Olympia. of 5.870 ton- : 1 lie double- 

 turret monitor Puritan, of 0.000 tons: the bar- 

 bette monitor Monterey: the protected ciui-i- 

 Chicago, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Newark. San 

 Francisco, Charleston, New Orleans. Albany. Cin- 

 cinnati, Raleigh, Atlanta, and Boston, of 3.<> 

 4.500 tons; the double-turret monitors Mianto- 

 nomoh, Amphitrite, Monadnock. and Terror, of 

 3,990 tons; the cruiser Lancaster, of 3,250 tons; 



