ON- THE STVD T OF PKY8ICS. 223 
ciation this loyal surrender of himself to Nature and to 
fact, lie lacks, in my opinion, the first mark of a true 
philosopher. Thus the earnest prosecutor of science, who 
does not work with the idea of producing a sensation in 
the world, who loves the truth better than the transitory 
blaze of to-day's fame, who comes to his task with a single 
eye, finds in that task an indirect means of the highest 
moral culture. And although the virtue of the act depends 
upon its privacy, this sacrifice of self, this upright deter- 
mination to accept the truth, no matter how it may present 
itself even at the hands of a scientific foe, if necessary 
carries with it its own reward. When prejudice is put under 
foot and the stains of personal bias have been washed away 
when a man consents to lay aside his vanity and to 
become Nature's organ his elevation is the instant conse- 
quence of his humility. I should not wonder if my remarks 
provoked a smile, for they seem to indicate thac I regard 
the man of science as a heroic, if not indeed an angelic, 
character; and cases may occur to you which indicate the 
reverse. You may point to the quarrels of scientific men, 
at their struggles for priority, to that unpleasant egotism 
which screams around its little property of discovery like a 
scared plover about its young. I will not deny all this; but 
let it be set down to its proper account, to the weakness 
or, if you will to the selfishness of Man, but not to the 
charge of Physical Science. 
The second process in physical investigation is deduction, 
or the advance of the mind from fixed principles to the 
conclusions which flow from them. The rules of logic are 
the formal statement of this process, which, however, was 
practiced by every healthy mind before ever such rules 
were written. In the study of Physics, induction and de- 
duction are perpetually wedded to each other. The man 
observes, strips facts of their peculiarities of form, and 
tries to unite them by their essences; having effected this, 
he at once deduces, and thus checks his induction. Here 
the grand difference between the methods at present fol- 
lowed, and those of the ancients, becomes manifest. They 
were one-sided in these matters: they omitted the process 
of induction, and substituted conjecture for observation. 
They could never, therefore, fulfill the mission of Man to 
" replenish the earth, and subdue it." The subjugation of 
Nature is only to be accomplished by the penetration, of 
