Woodland fine in colour 127 



land in which they thrive at home, and their effect is 

 often beautiful. There are several kinds, all thriving in 

 swampy soil and wet bottoms. 



Thorns (Crataegus). One of the most charming bits 

 of planting I ever did for colour was making field fences 

 of the Cockspur Thorn, which is not only that rare 

 thing, a good fence plant, but is very fine in colour ; in 

 autumn a rich brown, or, in a sunny autumn, red. When 

 such plants were sold by nurserymen singly they were 

 often grafted, and, therefore, useless. There have lately 

 been many Thorns found in America, some of which will 

 certainly be excellent for colour. In a collection of the 

 newer Thorns I have from the Arnold Arboretum at 

 Boston, nearly every kind showed good colour in early 

 November, 1906, though some are quite small as yet. 



Sumachs (Rhus). These, although by no means so 

 much talked of as the Oaks, and neglected, are brilliant 

 in colour, and easily grown in any poor soils. The 

 Venetian Sumach is familiar in gardens, and with its 

 purple form is good in colour. The sturdy-growing 

 species with long pinnate leaves, such as the Stag's- 

 horn Sumach (R. typhina) from North America, with 

 Rhus Osbecki and R. succedanea from China and Japan, 

 vie with the simple-leaved bush forms and R. cotinoides 

 in their vivid hues, while the brightest among them are 

 rivalled by the curious climbing Poison Ivy, which in 

 American woods clothes the stems of lofty trees. R. 

 glabra is brilliant in colour in autumn. 



Birches. The beauty of our European Birch, marked 

 as it is, need not shut our eyes to the good colour of 

 the American Birches, which show so well in our 

 country, the Canoe Birch and the Paper Birch giving 

 good colour with us. One other species is conspicuous 



