S6 GARDEN-CRAFT. 



are English, but English with a difference with a 

 declared tendency this way or that, which justifies 

 classification, and illustrates the march of things in 

 this changeful modern world. 



The various types include the mediaeval garden, 

 the square garden, the knots and figures of Eliza- 

 bethan times, with their occasional use of coloured 

 earths and gravels ; the pleach-work and intricate 

 borders of James I. ; the painted Dutch statues as at 

 Ham House ; the quaint canals, the winding gravel- 

 walks, the formal geometrical figures ; the quincunx 

 and dtoile of William and Mary ; later on, the 

 smooth, bare, and bald grounds of Kent, the photo- 

 graphic copyism of Nature by Brown, the garden- 

 farm of Shenstone, and other phases of the " Land- 

 scape style " which served for the green grave of 

 the old-fashioned English garden. 



In the early years of George III. a reaction 

 against tradition set in with so strong a current, 

 that there remains scarcely any private garden in 

 the United Kingdom which presents in all its parts 

 a sample of the original design. 



Levens, near Kendal, of which I give two illustra- 

 tions, is probably the least spoiled of any remaining 

 examples ; and this was, it would seem, planned by 

 a Frenchman, but worked out under the restraining 

 influences of English taste. A picture on the stair- 

 case of the house, apparently Dutch, bears the 

 inscription, " M. Beaumont, gardener to King James 

 II. and Colonel James Grahme. He laid out the 

 gardens at Hampton Court and at Levens." The 



