178 GARDEN AND FARM TOPICS. 



turf from roadsides, spread evenly over the surface before 

 plowing, at the rate of from six to twelve tons per acre. 

 In the absence of stable manure, bone dust, superphos- 

 phate, or guano should be applied, at the rate of from 300 to 

 500 pounds per acre; but all such concentrated fertilizers 

 should be sown on the surface, after plowing, and har- 

 rowed in, until thoroughly mixed with the soil. Before 

 sowing, the ground should be smoothed as evenly as 

 possible with the back of the harrow, to present a smooth 

 and level surface for the reception of the seed. 



The distance apart between the rows for Mangels will 

 vary with the character of the soil. In light, sandy soils, 

 the rows should be twenty-four inches apart, with nine 

 inches between the plants; but in strong, rich, deep soils, 

 the rows should be thirty inches apart and twelve inches 

 between the plants. This is what is termed the " flat 

 culture." Mr. Wm. Crozier, of Northport, L. I., works 

 on an entirely different plan from this, and his success in 

 producing enormous crops shows it to be well worthy of 

 imitation. After thoroughly plowing, harrowing, and 

 smoothing the land, he strikes out furrows with the 

 double mould-board plow, (if this is not obtainable, any 

 plow that will make such a furrow will do,) thirty inches 

 apart. The furrow is six to seven inches deep. These 

 furrows are then half filled up with a compost made from 

 stable manure and turf parings from the roadside, about 

 equal parts, thoroughly mixed and decomposed, or, if yet 

 rough and unrotted, it is pressed down in the rows with 

 the feet. After the manure has been thus placed in the 

 furrows, the plow is run up between on each side, so as not 

 only to cover in the manure, but to raise a ridge as high 

 as the furrow was deep. These ridges are now run over 

 with a roller or light chain harrow, so as to take off or 

 flatten down two or three inches of the apex, and so 



