226 GARDEN FLOWERS. 



ica; 1823. L. paniculata (panicled) ; half-hardy perennial; 3 

 feet; flowers purple, in August; Carolina; 1826. L. spicata 

 (spiked) ; hardy perennial ; 5 feet ; flowers purple, in August ; 

 North America; 1732. L. squarrosa (rough-cupped) ; hardy per- 

 ennial ; 3 feet; flowers purple, in July ; North America; 1732. 

 L. tenuifolia (fine-leaved); half-hardy perennial; 18 inches; 

 flowers purple in August ; Carolina; 1820. L. turbinata (turbi- 

 nate) ; hardy perennial ; 2 feet ; flowers purple, in August ; 

 North America ; 1823. 



There are several other species. 



LIBOCEDRUS. See THUYA. 



LIGULARIA. [Compositae.] Hardy herbaceous perennials, 

 allied to Cineraria. Common soil. Increased by division. 



L. Caucasia (Caucasian); hardy perennial ; 18 inches; flow- 

 ers yellow, in June; Caucasus; 1816. L. Sibirica (Siberian); 

 hardy perennial ; 4 feet ; flowers yellow, in June ; Siberia ; 1784. 

 L. speciosa (showy) ; hardy perennial ; 6 feet ; flowers yellow, in 

 June; Siberia; 1815. L. thyrsoidea (thyrsoid) ; hardy peren- 

 nial ; 4 feet ; flowers yellow, in July ; Russia ; 1832. 



LIGUSTRUM. Privet. [Oleaceae.] Hardy evergreen or 

 sub-evergreen shrubs. The common sort, L. vulgare, is a 

 valuable hedge-plant ; the rarer sorts require a sheltered 

 situation, and are very handsome plants for, conservatory 

 walls. Privet-hedges should be kept cut back very closely 

 while young, and require to be clipped at least twice a year. 

 Soil, sandy or chalky loam. Increased abundantly by seeds 

 or cuttings ; the rarer sorts, by grafting on the common. 



L. Japonicum (Japan) ; hardy sub-evergreen shrub ; 6 feet ; 

 flowers white, in July; Japan; 1845. L. htcidiim (shining); 

 hardy evergreen shrub; 12 feet; flowers white, in August; 

 China; 1794. L. spicatum (spiked) ; hardy evergreen shrub: 

 8 feet ; flowers white, in July ; Nepaul ; 1823. L. vulgare (com- 

 mon) ; hardy sub-evergreen shrub ; 8 feet ; flowers white, in 

 June ; Britain. 



The variety sempervirens is the best. 



