GATES AND GATEWAYS 89 



idea in the garden plan, of passing to and fro 

 between the many mansions of the garden paradise. 



Much could be written about the proportions of 

 wrought-iron gates and of the handling of the 

 actual design. Almost more important, however, 

 is the treatment of the piers and their relationship to 

 the wall itself. Piers, whether of brick or stone, 

 or combined of both, should be sturdy enough for 

 their work, but should also avoid an unnatural 

 clumsiness. If they are brought well up above 

 the wall, as in the well-known examples at 

 Penshurst, and are crowned with a carefully 

 designed finial, they are susceptible of the greatest 

 refinement. The general skyline of wall and piers, 

 if well thought out, will be seen with keen pleasure 

 as much against the blue noonday sky as when it is 

 outlined before the warm tones of the sunset. The 

 gates themselves can be designed to follow the line 

 of the wall, to rise in an arch above it, or to sink 

 below and join the piers with a drooping curve. 

 The first is shown in fig. 5, and the second in 

 figs. 6 and 22 (the former based on a foreign 

 example), while the third is suggested in the little 

 hand-gate in fig. 20. A further alternative is to 



