12 INTRODUCTION 



depend upon grazing in the National, State, and private forests as 

 well as on Indian reservations for their summer feeding grounds. 

 There are 83,000,000 acres of National Forest range land. The man- 

 agement of forests may include the maintenance of grazing facilities 

 in many parts of the country. In farmers' hardwood woodlots, grazing 

 may be injurious to forest growth. 



6. The Development and Maintenance of Scenery and Aesthetic 

 Values. Although closely related to recreational facilities, the aes- 

 thetic effects in our forest regions as well as in the Great Plains are 

 coming to be valued and encouraged. Forestry has a definite obliga- 

 tion to maintain the beauty spots and outstanding scenic features for 

 the benefit of future generations. On all the National Parks and 

 Monuments, and on many of the National and State Forests, this 

 phase of the subject is receiving considerable attention. 



7. Employment. The best and most efficient development and use 

 of our forests mean the giving of employment to large numbers of 

 people. The value of the products of our forests has averaged about 

 $2,000,000,000 a year in normal times. The forest and woodworking 

 industries directly employ about 1,300,000 workers, or about %*/%% f 

 the gainfully employed people of the country. The building industry 

 depends largely upon forest products and gives employment to an 

 additional 2,500,000 people. The number of people employed in our 

 forest industries exceeded 50,000 in each of ten states of the nation. 

 In Washington and Oregon about 135,000 persons, or one-eighth of all 

 those gainfully employed, were so engaged. Forest industries brought 

 approximately $250,000,000 annually into these two states. The per- 

 petuation of our forests to furnish employment to large numbers of 

 people would be a sufficient objective in itself to justify a compre- 

 hensive national plan of forestry for the United States. On the basis 

 of the number of wage earners, the lumber and timber products in- 

 dustry (sawmill and logging operations) are in normal years the lead- 

 ing industries in the states of Washington, Oregon, Mississippi, Idaho, 

 Arkansas, New Mexico, Florida, Louisiana, and Montana. The in- 

 dustry was first in total wages paid in all these states as well as in 

 California. 



In Europe, under sustained yield management, forest employment 

 is closely associated with farm work and the wood-using industries. 

 On the basis of full-time employment, about one worker is required 

 for every 100 acres of forest in Austria and Switzerland, one for every 

 125 acres in Denmark, and one for every 167 acres in Prussia. In 

 Czechoslovakia, there is one worker for every 35 to 50 acres, including 

 the industries. When work in logging, transportation, manufacture, 



