CONTENTS xvii 



CHAPTER PAGE 



3. Seed selection .......... 117 



4. Methods of seed collection . . . . . . . . . . . 117 



5. Nursery practice seed and transplant beds . .' . v . . . 118 



6. When to plant 120 



7. How and what to plant 121 



8. Use of wild stock in planting 127 



X. SlLVICULTURAL TREATMENT OF YOUNG AND IMMATURE STANDS (IN- 

 TERMEDIATE CUTTINGS) 128 



1. General . . . 128 



2. Economic considerations 129 



3. Silvicultural systems of treatment 131 



4. General rules for thinning 133 



XI. FOREST UTILIZATION INDUSTRIAL FORESTRY . . . , . .'..... 135 



1. General importance of lumber and associated industries . 135 



2. Advantages of wood construction . . * ... . . . 138 



3. Logging methods and procedure . . 139 



4. Selective logging 147 



5. Manufacture and conditioning . ... * . . . . . . 152 



Principal species of lumber and producing states . . . 154 



6. Costs of producing lumber . . . . 155 



7. Lumber distribution : 156 



XII. FOREST UTILIZATION WOOD USES AND ECONOMICS 159 



1. Properties and their relation to uses of wood 159 



2. Principal sources of waste in the forest and at manufacturing 



plants 164 



3. Economic conditions determining degree of utilization . . 166 



4. Industrial forest policies 167 



5. Developments in reducing woods and sawmill waste . . . 169 



6. Forest products 172 



1. General 172 



2. Cross ties, poles, piling, and mine timbers .... 174 



3. Wood pulp and paper rayon and fiber boards . . . 175 



4. Fuelwood . . . . . 177 



5. Veneers and plywood 178 



6. Naval stores 179 



7. Cooperage . . .'.. . . , 181 



8. Tanning materials and dyewoods 181 



9. Wood distillation . . . .- . _.. .. 181 



10. Maple syrup and sugar 182 



11. Rubber 183 



7. Trends toward stability of location, employment, and output 183 



XIII. FOREST UTILIZATION TIMBER PRESERVATION : . . . ,-. . . . 185 



1. History and importance 185 



2. Materials treated 185 



3. Requirements of good preservative . 186 



4. Principal methods of preservation . . . 186 



