LEADING COMMERCIAL SPECIES 47 



2. Eastern Softwoods. Southern yellow pine (including the four 

 species of longleaf, shortleaf, loblolly, and slash pines) has been for 

 thirty years or more the most important kind of lumber produced in 

 this country. It is found widely scattered from eastern Texas to 

 Virginia and from Arkansas to Florida. There are few remaining 

 stands of virgin timber. They are found largely in Florida, Louisi- 

 ana, and Arkansas. A large volume of southern pine known in the 

 market as North Carolina pine, is still produced from the region ex- 

 tending from Georgia to Virginia, inclusive. There are 118,132,000,000 

 b.f. of southern pine in the saw-timber stands. This is found almost 

 entirely in the Southeast, but very small portions are found in the 

 Central and Middle Atlantic regions as well. About 11% billion b.f. 

 of southern pine were produced in 1929 and 7% billion b.f. in 1930. 

 It reached its peak production with over 16 billion b.f. in 1907. More 

 than half of the southern pine production now comes from the small 

 mills. 



Spruce and Fir. These are red spruce and balsam fir which are 

 generally found and sold together. There are 21,533,000,000 b.f. in 

 saw-timber stands. Nearly 19 billion b.f. of this amount are still 

 found in the New England States, with small quantities in the Middle 

 Atlantic and Lake States and along the higher Appalachian Moun- 

 tains. They are cut almost entirely for pulpwood. On some opera- 

 tions, the butt and larger logs may be used for lumber and the balance 

 for pulpwood. They are limited to the higher elevations in northern 

 New England and the other regions, except in the Lake States where 

 they are found chiefly in northern Michigan, northern Minnesota, and 

 to a limited extent in northern Wisconsin. 



White and Norway Pine. For many years white pine was the pre- 

 eminent lumber tree of the country and is probably the most useful 

 all-around species ever produced in our American forests. There are 

 14,672,000,000 b.f. of white and Norway pine, most of which is 

 second-growth. White pine forests occur in New England, where 

 8,390,000,000 b.f. are found. Also small quantities are found in the 

 Middle Atlantic and Lake States and along the higher Appalachian 

 Mountains in the Central and Southeastern regions. It is found at the 

 higher elevations only in the southern part of its range. It is cut 

 largely in small mill operations. Its outlet is chiefly for box lumber 

 and for local building construction. 



Hemlock. There are 12,198,000,000 b.f. of hemlock which is widely 

 distributed over the Northeast and Lake States. More than half of 

 this quantity is found in the Lake States and New England regions. 

 A smaller quantity is found in the other three eastern regions. It is 



