48 FOREST RESOURCES; PRINCIPAL TREES AND REGIONS 



practically all second-growth and cut on small operations except in 

 Wisconsin where it is produced from a few large operations. It is pre- 

 eminently used for small dimension and common lumber. It also finds 

 an important outlet in pulp and paper manufacture, especially in Wis- 

 consin. 



Cypress. A large portion of the virgin cypress has been cut. There 

 are 4,140,000,000 b.f. of standing timber, a very large share of which 

 is found in Florida where it is chiefly cut, and in the other southeast- 

 ern states. A very small portion is found in the Central region. It is 

 widely distributed throughout the lower Mississippi, Gulf, and south 

 Atlantic coastal regions, where it is limited to the swamps and along 

 streams. In 1930, 490 million b.f. were cut. It is one of the most 

 valuable, durable, and useful species cut in the country and finds an 

 outlet where durability, appearance, and workability are the chief 

 requirements. 



3. Eastern Hardwoods. Oak. Oak is cut from a large number of 

 the 50 different species. It is widely distributed over the eastern 

 and southern forests. There are 60,753,000,000 b.f. of oak, mostly in 

 the lower Mississippi valley section of the Southeast region where more 

 than one-half of the oak occurs. The Central region contains over 

 16 billion b.f. Smaller quantities are found in the Lake, Middle At- 

 lantic, and New England regions, the importance of the stands being 

 indicated by the order of mention. Oak has always been the most 

 important hardwood and finds a wide and ready market for special- 

 ized purposes, chiefly furniture, flooring, cross ties, automobile manu- 

 facture, tool handles, etc. It is produced chiefly in Tennessee, Louisi- 

 ana, and Arkansas, named in order of importance. In 1930, 1,661,- 

 000,000 b.f. were sawed. All oaks are generally classified as either 

 red or white oaks. White oak is generally considered the more valu- 

 able except in the southern Appalachian Mountains where red oak is 

 the more valuable. 



Birch, Beech, and Maple. These species are grouped together as 

 they occur generally in association in the same stands in our northern 

 and northeastern forests. There are 49,943,000,000 b.f. of these 

 species, about 21 billion b.f. of which occur in New England, about 

 3 billion in the Lake States, and small quantities in the other three 

 eastern regions. Of these species, maple is the most important. In 

 1930, 601 million b.f. of maple were produced, 248 million b.f. of birch, 

 and 138 million b.f. of beech. 



Red Gum. There are 15,488,000,000 b.f. of red gum in our saw- 

 timber stands. This is found growing throughout the Southeast region, 

 largely in the lower Mississippi valley states. In 1930, 694,000,000 



