140 FOREST UTILIZATION INDUSTRIAL FORESTRY 



the Adirondacks, and Albany was the great lumber market of the 

 nation. In 1860 the industry became centered in Pennsylvania, and 

 later Williamsport became a great lumber-manufacturing commu- 

 nity. By 1870, it had continued its nomadic and migratory career 

 to the Lake States, where the magnificent virgin "cork" white 



FIG. 78. Characteristic high lead logging scene in Douglas fir timber in the 

 Pacific Northwest. Under some conditions, these high powered engines are 

 being replaced by Diesel tractors to skid the heavy and long logs. Photo by 



John D. Cress. 



pine was used as a source of building homes in a large portion of the 

 treeless praries of the Central West. Stream driving and rafting con- 

 tinued throughout these early days. The story of rafting on the upper 

 Mississippi River and its tributaries, and stream driving in Michigan, 

 is an epic in the upbuilding of the American commonwealth. Late in 

 the nineteenth century the white pine forests were practically ex- 

 hausted and the industry shifted to the South. Until this time, white 



