INDUSTRIAL FOREST POLICIES 167 



Coast. If the big market for pulp and paper were on the West Coast 

 instead of the East, all this material might be successfully utilized. 

 Transportation costs are probably the greatest single barrier to com- 

 plete utilization. 



4. Form, size, and condition must lend themselves to utilization. 

 Enormous quantities of sawdust are wasted annually because its form 

 and condition make it unadaptable to any large commercial use. From 

 one-tenth to one-fifth of the total volume of our logs is turned into 

 sawdust. Only a small part of the slabs, edgings, and trimmings 

 from our sawmills can be profitably used. 



5. Custom, prejudice, and tradition. American people have been 

 unwilling to use knotty, wormy, or stained lumber for many purposes. 

 Today one finds many beautiful rooms furnished with knotty panel- 

 ing, wormy oak and chestnut, and pecky cypress. Architecturally 

 these are considered most beautiful and attractive. Custom demands 

 that softwood boards be cut in even lengths and widths, instead of 

 odd and even feet and inches. This results in tremendous wastage. 

 Many substitute materials have improperly and unfairly replaced the 

 wooden shingle. 



6. Laws affecting the use of lumber and other wood products. In 

 many communities, ordinances are in effect to restrict or terminate the 

 use of lumber and other materials made from wood. In some cases 

 this may be justified because of the fire hazard, but in others not at 

 all. The growth of large urban centers in this country has naturally 

 restricted the use of lumber and shingles in house building and general 

 construction. The use of wood very closely follows density of popula- 

 tion. Legal barriers, however, may play a very important part in the 

 utilization of lumber and other forest products. 



4. INDUSTRIAL FOREST POLICIES 



Considerable progress in forestry and in the development of com- 

 munal life has been made by a number of large industries that de- 

 pend upon wood as their major source of raw material. Several large 

 communities which are largely dependent upon the forest as a per- 

 manent source of supplies have been established. These industries have 

 contributed much to the stability of employment as well as to the 

 prosperity of these communities, and the regions in which they are 

 located. Among the outstanding examples of these centers are: Laurel, 

 Mississippi; Canton, North Carolina; Bogalusa and Urania, Louisi- 

 ana ; Aberdeen and Longview, Washington ; Cloquet, Minnesota ; Rum- 

 ford, Maine; Winchenden, Massachusetts; Tupper Lake, New York; 



