DEVELOPMENTS IN REDUCING WOODS AND SAWMILL WASTE 171 



low-grade lumber into box shocks. New England is also an important 

 center for the manufacture of box materials from second-growth white 

 pine. 



7. The use of pecky cypress and No. 1 and No. 2 common grades 

 of lumber for knotty panels. The sound and wormy grades of chest- 

 nut and oak are also used for panelling and decorative treatment. 

 Thus what was formerly considered poor or low-grade lumber has 

 found very effective application for club, dining, office, and other 

 rooms. Architecturally, knotty panels have met with considerable 

 popular favor. 



8. Manufacture of hardwood dimension, that is, small squares of 

 hardwood used for chair rungs, furniture parts, etc. These are gen- 

 erally clear cuttings from common grades of lumber. Considerable 

 advance has been made in the reduction of waste through the medium 

 of hardwood dimension stock. 



9. More skilful and careful felling in the woods to prevent break- 

 age and shattering of tree trunks. Bonuses are sometimes paid for 

 careful felling, and likewise penalties are exacted for careless work 

 on logging operations. 



10. Fuelwood from sawmill waste. Considerable amounts of the 

 sawmill waste are utilized in the East, North, and many sections of 

 the South and West for fuel. In the Pacific Northwest, about one and 

 one-half million cords of sawmill waste are annually sold for fuel- 

 wood, according to Hodgson. This material comes largely from slabs, 

 edging, and trimmings at the sawmills. More recent development has 

 been the use of hogged fuel in hoe and office building furnaces. This 

 has provided an outlet for 182 million cubic feet of lumber worth a 

 million and a half dollars, according to Hodgson. 



Coal is scarce and expensive in many sections of the West and 

 Northwest. Hogged fuel used with forced draft has proved to be 

 very successful in western Washington and western Oregon. 



11. Sawdust is being increasingly used for refrigeration, for horse 

 bedding, ice packing, floor coverings, and packing and shipping of 

 various commodities in barrels and other containers especially in the 

 North and East. 



12. The increasing use of the portable band saw. These have been 

 used in North Carolina, Alabama, and Virginia. A New York manu- 

 facturer has recently put them on the market. This band saw cuts a 

 kerf of % 2 inch compared with % inch for the usual band saw and 

 from *4 to % inch or more for the circular saw. 



13. Miscellaneous. The bark of some species, notably that of 

 California redwood, is shredded and used for insulation and packing. 



