INDEX. 



389 



of marine origin, 80; materials of, 

 78; nature of, 78, 80; preservation 

 of, 79; mark relative age, 77; the 

 marks of geological period, 67 ; 

 their nature and interpretation, 

 109; occurrence of, 81; represent 

 hard parts, Si ; substituted for 

 minerals, 20; and zoological speci- 

 mens, 163. 



Fragmental materials, and strata, 

 72. 



Fresh-water families of gastropoda, 



143- 



Function of assimilation, 177 ; of 

 correlation, 177; generation, 177; 

 meaning of, 178; of metazoal or- 

 ganism, 169; of sustentation, 177; 

 and property, 178, 



Functions of vertebrate, 177. 



Fundamental law of evolution, 89. 



Gamogenesis monoecious, 170; dioe- 

 cious, 171; hermaphrodite, 171. 



Gastropoda described, 245. 



Gastropods, characters of, 131; clas- 

 sification of, 133 ; selected for 

 study, 133. 



Gastrula, 172; stage, 222. 



Gebirge and formation, 15. 



Genera and the time-scale, 85; of 

 ctenobranchina, and zones, 137; 

 of madreporaria, and eras, 86. 



Generation, a function of organism, 

 167, 169, 177. 



Generic evolution, 253; climax of, 

 255; expansion, 262; form and dis- 

 tribution, 130; initiation, in helico- 

 pegmata, 290 ; life-history, 276 ; 

 life -period, 88; life -period of 

 brachiopods, 254; series, fixation 

 of characters, 301. 



Genetic affinities, 98. 



Genus, proximum, medium, and sum- 

 mum, 201; and species, 89; species 

 and, of Aristotle, 200. 



Geobios, 116. 



Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Etienne, and 

 species, 152. 



Geographical conditions, and strata, 

 71; distribution, 70, ill, 112. 



Geological aspect of organisms, 3; 

 eras and times, 51; formations, 

 systems, 27. 



Geological range, 70; and adjust- 

 ment, 144; of characters, Favosites, 

 93; of Atrypidce, Spiriferidae, 280; 

 Athyrida, 280; and Taxonomic 

 rank, 92. 



Geological revolutions, 39; survey, 

 nomenclature, 30; systems and 

 revolutions, 41; Terranes, 28; 



time-scale, 10, 54; geological time, 

 length of, 8; McGee, 61; A. Gei- 

 kie, 62; Kelvin, 62; Clarence 

 King, 62; G. H. Darwin, 62; Tait, 

 62; Dana, 62; Upham, 62; Prest- 

 wich, 63; Walcott, 63; and zool- 

 ogical biology, 98. 



Germ and embryo stage, 173. 



Gerontic, 94. 



Glacial and post-glacial time, 62, 63; 

 revolution, 45. 



Glossophora, 249; mode of exist- 

 ence of, 135. 



God in evolution, 372, 373, 376. 



Goniatites, classification of, 349. 



Grauwacke group, 18. 



Group in geology, 69; of strata or 

 stratum, 69. 



Growth, 168. 



Growth force or Bathmism, 197; 

 normal, 179. 



Habitat, 113; normal, 115. 



Haeckel and Bionomy, 116; and im- 

 portance of species, 149. 



Hall, James, on variability of 

 Atrypa, 317. 



Halobios, 116. 



Hard parts in animal kingdom, 99; 

 and evolution, 98; of organisms, 

 importance of, 81; and relation to 

 ancestry, 98; and relation to en- 

 vironment, 98; of Anthropoda, 

 101; Ccelenterata, 100; Echinoder- 

 mata, 101; Mollusca, 105; Mollus- 

 coidea, 104; Protozoa, 99; Vermes, 

 101; Vertebrata, 107. 



Helicopegmata, evolution of, 256, 

 263; life-history of, 377; rate of 

 expansion of, 290; three families 

 of, 229. 



Hemera of Buckman, 68. 



Heredity, 193; law of, 219. 



Heterogeneity, attainment of, 176. 



Hexacoralla, rate of differentiation 

 of, 85. 



Himalayas, elevation of, 55. 



Histogenic development, 173. 



Histogenesis, of metazoa, 165. 



Historical classification, 25. 



"History of Creation," Haeckel, 

 128. 



History of the individual, 5; law of, 

 89. 



History of organisms, law of, 89; 

 methods, 207 ; (Ontogeny), 76 ; 

 (Phylogeny), 76 ; scope of, i ; 

 time-scale for, 54; of species, 5; 

 Spirifers, 300. 



Homology and homologous parts, 

 227. 



