I9 g PROBLEMS IN WILD LIFE CONSERVATION 



On the other hand, there are states which allow wardens 

 to collect costs from the defendant in case of conviction but 

 require that all such fees be remitted to the state treasurer 

 to be placed in the game fund. 51 This system is not quite 

 as bad but still smacks of injustice and should be abolished. 

 New York goes a step further and the Department itself 

 pays the costs of court that arise out of the trial of conser- 

 vation cases. 52 



Propagation Activities: As conceived by the conserva- 

 tionists, the second great function of a state department of 

 game and fish is the building up of new stock either by set- 

 ting aside protected areas as natural breeding grounds or by 

 artificial breeding in fish hatcheries and on game farms. 

 With a few exceptions, all of the states at the present time 

 operate one or more fish hatcheries supplementing the United 

 States hatcheries. 53 The larger departments are equipped 

 with a hatchery system which includes not only a series of 

 main hatcheries but also field stations attached to each. 



The state of New York, for example, maintains a chain 

 of eleven hatcheries and sixteen field stations besides certain 

 temporary seasonal stations. Administratively speaking, this 

 work is handled by a separate division in the department 

 known as the Division of Fish Culture. 



In those states having large areas of flood waters which 

 overflow during certain seasons of the year, the salvage 

 work of the fish left stranded in the sloughs during the dry 

 season is an important work of this department. The con- 

 ditions in Minnesota are a good example. There the spring 

 freshets on the Mississippi below St. Paul flood considerable 

 areas of bottom lands on both sides of the river. As the 

 floods recede, large numbers of fish are stranded in the 



51 Colorado, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri and Oklahoma. 



53 2 ist Annual Report, op. cit. t p. 216. 



53 For discussion of the United States fish hatcheries, see chap v. 



