ORGANIZATION 55 



Others followed rapidly during the summer, and on August 2, 

 General Wilson of Iowa organized the Nebraska State Grange 

 with sixteen subordinate granges represented. Before the year 

 closed there were forty-nine granges in the state. In Kansas, 

 the movement got under way about the same time; the state 

 grange was organized by General Wilson in December, 1872: 

 and there were twelve granges in the state at the end of the year. 

 Missouri also began to take new interest in the movement, 

 and General Deputy Thomas Allen went actively to work during 

 the latter part of 1872, with the result that fourteen new sub- 

 ordinate granges were organized. 1 



In the South considerable opposition to the spread of the 

 Patrons of Husbandry was encountered from commission men 

 and local merchants, and it was stated that mortgages held 

 against planters were sometimes foreclosed as a penalty for 

 joining the order. 2 There was also a natural tendency to look 

 with suspicion on anything of northern origin " with a great 

 central head at Washington City," 3 but in spite of these obstacles, 

 the work progressed rapidly in South Carolina under the leader- 

 ship of Colonel D. Wyatt Aiken of Cokesbury. He was ap- 

 pointed deputy at large for the southern states in January, 1872, 

 organized ten granges in April, and by the ninth of October 

 there were seventy-six granges in South Carolina. On that date 

 the state grange was organized by Kelley at Columbia with 

 seventy- two subordinate granges represented, and by the end 

 of the year the state ranked next to Iowa in number of granges, 

 having 101 on its roll. In Mississippi, the work, which was 

 begun by W. L. Williams at Rienzi, was kept up by him and 

 county deputies under his direction, and on the fifteenth of 

 March the state grange was organized by Kelley. Subsequent 



1 Kelley, Patrons of Husbandry, 367-413; National Grange, Proceedings, vi. 

 8 (1873). On Ohio, see also Ellis, in Ohio Farmer, c. 147 (August 29, 1901); on 

 Wisconsin, Maynard, Patrons of Husbandry in Wisconsin (Ms.), ch. iii; Smith, 

 Wisconsin Granger Movement (Ms.), ch. ii; Wisconsin State Grange, Proceedings, 

 ii (January, 1874); on Kansas, J. K. Hudson, Patron's Handbook, 8; on Missouri, 

 Prairie Farmer, xliv. 3 (January 4, 1873). 



2 Prairie Farmer, xliii. 356 (November 9, 1872). 



3 Southern Cultivator (Athens, Georgia), xxx. 76 (February, 1872). 



