298 THE GRANGER MOVEMENT 



in character, and was carried on principally by bands of women 

 who invaded or camped in front of saloons and by praying and 

 singing or other demonstrations endeavored to persuade the 

 proprietors to give up the business. 1 The influence of the order 

 of Patrons of Husbandry was from the first strongly on the side 

 of temperance: the title of "Bacchus" originally proposed for 

 one of the officers was quickly changed to the more prosaic 

 " lecturer "; temperate habits were a necessary qualification for 

 admission to the order; and lessons in temperance were incul- 

 cated by the ritual. 2 It is not strange therefore that attempts 

 were made to get the Grange and the temperance movement 

 to work in harmony for the promotion of the cause. 



Temperance resolutions of various sorts were adopted by 

 state and local granges in all parts of the country, and even by 

 the National Grange, while the Illinois State Grange went so 

 far as to condemn the use of tobacco; 3 but it was in Ohio that 

 the closest connection was made between the Grange and the 

 temperance movement. At the time of the first regular session 

 of the Ohio State Grange at Xenia, in February, 1874, the women 

 of that place were conducting a characteristic crusade against 

 the local saloons. Finally the proprietor of the " Shades of 

 Death " was moved to invite the crusaders to pour out his liquor; 

 they in turn invited the state grange to accompany them; and 

 the grange accepted the invitation by a unanimous vote. The 

 procession was formed and marched to the resort, the liquor 

 was poured out, and the master of the state grange made a 

 temperance speech to the multitude from an emptied whiskey 

 barrel. Later the state grange adopted resolutions indorsing 

 and pledging support to the temperance work and it is said to 

 have maintained this position steadily thereafter. 4 



1 E. B. Andrews, The Last Quarter Century, ii. ch. xxii. 



2 Kelley, Patrons of Husbandry, 54; Martin, Grange Movement, 466; Whitehead, 

 in New Jersey Bureau of Statistics, Reports, ix. 348 (1886). 



8 National Grange, Proceedings, xii. 105 (1878); Texas State Grange, Minutes, 

 14 (1872-74); State grange proceedings: Illinois, iv. 34, 44 (1875); Michigan, i. 

 33 ( X 874); Vermont, i-iii. 18 (1872-74). 



4 Ohio State Grange, Proceedings, i. 23 (1874); Ellis, in Ohio Farmer, c. 368 

 (November 14, 1901). 



