WEEDS IN THE MEADOW. 



215 



from? ' The answer will be: 'You carefully sowed it that cool 

 March day with your clover.' ' : 



Plants are assisted to become weeds by producing many seeds, 

 by ripening with the crop so the seeds are harvested with it, by 

 ripening before the crop and scattering seeds on the ground, by 

 producing seeds Avhich are not easily separated by sieves, by pro- 

 ducing very small seeds which escape notice, by having a supply 

 of hairs that they may be carried by the wind, or some awns or 

 hooks to hold fast to animals, by remaining a long time in the 

 soil without losing their vitality, by producing long or thick roots 

 not easily eradicated, by producing bulbs, or long root stocks, by 

 being offensive to all kinds of stock so they are allowed to grow 

 and multiply. 



Clay soil is less likely to be troubled than loam or sand. 



Some of the weeds which interfere with the growth of grasses 

 and clovers in the Northern States are here enumerated, with 

 figures of a few and remarks in reference to all. 



PIG. 90. PIG. 94. 



FIG. 90. An achene or fruit of Ranunculus bulboaus, L. 

 troublesome perennial with yellow flowers, found in the northeast. Side view and 



CL 



FIG. 95. 

 (Bulbous Crowfoot.) A 



cross section, 1 x 10. (Sudworth). 

 Ranunculus acris. L. (Tall Crowfoot.) Much resembling the last though destitute 



of the bulb. 



FIG. 91. Brassica nigra, L. (Black Mustard.) 1x15. (Sudworth.) 

 FIG. 92. Capsella Bursa-pastorte, Moench. (Shepherd's Purse.) 1 x 20. (Sudworth.) 

 FIG. P3. Hypericum prolificum, L. (Shrubby St. John's Wort), two views. 1x20. 



(Sudworth.) 



FIG. 94. Silene inflate, Smith. (Bladder Champion.) 1 x 16.-(Sudworth.) 

 FIG. 95. Cerastium rulgatum, L. (Mouse-ear Chickweed), two views of a seed. 



1x25. (Sudworth.) 



