GREEN MANURING. 379 



Plantago lanceolata proportionally disappeared. 



In the words of Baron Lawes : " "We learn from these results 

 that good pasture grasses can never thrive upon a poor soil ; and 

 if a soil does not contain in itself the elements of fertility they 

 must be added from external sources. I may add that if the 

 pasture of a rich soil deteriorates from bad treatment the good 

 grasses do not die out, but only retire from the contest to wait 

 for better times. Under invigorating treatment it will be found 

 that the good grasses soon reassert their supremacy." 



" The general result, comparing the produce by the different 

 manures in one and the same season, seems to be, that the more 

 the produce is graminaceous the more it goes to flower and seed, 

 and the more it is ripened, the higher will be the percentage of 

 dry substance in the hay. Under the same circumstances, the 

 higher will be the percentage of woody fiber and the lower will 

 be that of the nitrogenous compounds and of the mineral matter. 

 On the other hand, in a large proportion of the non-gramina- 

 ceous herbage the reverse of these things is true." 



In a summary of this subject, M. T. Masters, in Plant Life, 

 says : " Circumstances are never exactly twice alike ; a condition 

 of absolute equilibrium is never attained. The nearest approach 

 to it is in the case of the unmanured plats and of the plats very 

 highly manured, but even these were influenced by very slight 

 climatic changes. The balance in all cases was easily disturbed. " 



Green Manuring. Most of this paragraph is from a lecture 

 by my colleague, Dr. R. C. Kedzie. A complete manure is 

 found in fresh vegetable matter turned under the surface of the 

 soil. It is often convenient to adopt this practice on arable 

 fields which are remote from the barn yard where stock are fed 

 in winter. The late George Geddes, of New York, adopted this 

 plan quite extensively, and believed he found it as cheap as any. 

 It is often convenient to throw in a growth of something between 

 two other valuable crops. For example, after a crop is removed 



