TRIFOLIUM, L. TREFOIL, CLOVER. 321 



rable timber and in ornamental and fragrant woods. For gums 

 it beats the world, and supplies also many valuable coloring 

 materials. It is well supplied with ornamental species. 



PAPILIONACE^E. PULSE FAMILY PROPER. 



Leaves mostly pinnate or palmate. Flowers usually in axillary 

 or terminal racemes, spikes or heads. Calyx of 5 sepals, united, 

 often unequally. Corolla perigynous, very irregular, of 5 or 

 rarely fewer petals, papilionaceous ; upper petal called the vexil- 

 lum, or banner, inclosing the others in the bud; 2 lateral called 

 aloe or wings, oblique outside and often adhering to the 2 lower, 

 which are usually united, and called camna, or the keel. Sta- 

 mens 10, very rarely 5, monadelphous or diadelphous, mostly 9 

 united and a free one next the banner. 



This sub-family, or sub-order includes all the clovers and 

 other leguminous forage plants which are considered in this 

 volume. 



TRIFOLIUM, L. TREFOIL, CLOVER. 



Herbs, usually low. Leaves digitately, rarely pinnately 3-folio- 

 late ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers capitate or spiked, 

 rarely solitary; red, purple or white, rarely yellow; bracts small 

 or o, sometimes forming a toothed involucre. Calyx-teeth 5, sub- 

 equal. Petals persistent ; wings longer than the keel, the claws 

 of both adnate to the staminal tube. Upper stamen free ; all the 

 filaments, or 5 of them, dilated at the tip ; anthers uniform. 

 Htyle filiform, stigmas oblique or dorsal ; ovules few. Pod small, 

 indehiscent, 1-4 seeded, nearly enclosed in the calyx. Found in 

 the north temperate and warm regions, rare in southern ; species 

 150. The above generic description is mainly adapted from 

 Hooker's Flora of the British Islands. 

 41 



