886 LEAF ROLLERS. 



Tortrix Sulfureana Clem. Cloyer (attacks grass). Tor 

 trix flavedana Clem. Sericoris instrutana, Ciena. Leaf 

 rollers. 



Order Lepidoptera. Family Tortricidce. 

 Forbes, 111. En. Report, Vol. XIV., p. 17. 

 Comstock, Rept. Comm. Agr. 1880, pp. 255-258. 



These insects, which are closely reflated to the codling moth 

 and the apple tree leaf rollers, which are so harmful to our or- 

 chards in early summer, are all found in Michigan and the other 

 Northern States, and South even to the Gulf. While they at- 

 tack all the clovers they are not confined to them, but work on 

 many other garden and field plants. In all the species the larvae 

 draw the leaves about them by means of silken threads, which 

 they spin, and when disturbed drop and hang suspended by 

 means of a thread, which, like a spider, they can spin as needed. 

 A more harmful leaf roller attacks the clover seed, and will be 

 described later. 



The larva of the first species is yellowish-green, the second 

 green, the third yellow. The larvae are about \ of an inch (12 

 to 14 m m) long. The pupae are shorter and brown in color. 

 The moth of the first species is bright yellow, with a y-shaped 

 purple mark on each front wing. The same color marks the 

 front and outer margins of the same wings. The back, or sec- 

 ondary wings, are yellowish, varying to brown. It expands a lit- 

 tle more than | of an inch. The second species is a little larger. 

 The males are dark brown, with reddish-yellow markings. Hind 

 wings reddish. Females red, with oblique obscure bands across 

 front wings. Females expand of an inch. The males are not 

 quite so large. The color of the moth in the third species varies 

 from yellow to yellowish-brown. It is about the size of the sul- 

 fureana. 



These are seen feeding on the rolled up leaves, which serves both 

 for home and food in May and June, and again in August, so 

 there are two broods a year. 



