64 THE GREEN RISING 



tion. While this movement is not equally well de- 

 veloped in the several countries of western Europe, 

 it has manifested itself in many forms, and in most 

 cases it is working out satisfactorily. The cooper- 

 ative movement in Europe has manifested itself in 

 the organization of cooperative societies for rural 

 credit, for the purchase of equipment, including ex- 

 pensive live stock, for carrying out drainage and 

 irrigation projects, for insurance activities, for agri- 

 cultural manufacturing enterprises, and for the co- 

 operative selling of farm products. Germany, as 

 every well informed man knows, led the world in the 

 cooperative credit movement. Other countries of 

 Europe have improved greatly their credit facilities 

 for agriculture since the War. The cooperative in- 

 surance societies engage in live stock insurance, fire 

 insurance, and crop insurance against hail and other 

 unusual manifestations of nature. Crop insurance 

 has not been uniformly successful. There have been 

 some failures of cooperative insurance societies. 

 But there is a tendency in Europe to extend the 

 scope of insurance to cover losses in live stock from 

 epidemic diseases, and some additional aspects of 

 crop insurance. European farmers have gone far- 

 ther than we have in cooperation in agricultural 

 manufacturing. There are numerous cooperative 

 slaughter houses, bacon factories, cheesemaking es- 

 tablishments, creameries, and similar enterprises. 

 These establishments have in most cases standard- 

 ized their products and given them a preferential 



