132 THE GREEN RISING 



England extended her trade in manufactured prod- 

 ucts with the United States. 



These peculiarly encouraging conditions, both for 

 agriculture and commerce, prevented any strong 

 sentiment favorable to governmental assistance to 

 manufacturing. "Much has been said," says F. W. 

 Taussig, "in the course of the protective controversy 

 about the views of the fathers of the republic. But 

 for nearly twenty years after the formation of the 

 Union other subjects so absorbed the attention of 

 public men that no distinct opinion appears in their 

 utterances for or against protective duties." * But 

 the issue of protection arose in the first session of 

 Congress. The representatives from Pennsylvania 

 were the first advocates of a protective tariff policy. 

 Pennsylvania and Massachusetts had imposed pro- 

 tective duties previous to the adoption of the Con- 

 stitution. In fact, several of the Colonies had ac- 

 cepted the principle of protection as an aid to some 

 of their infant industries. It is therefore not sur- 

 prising that the Madison Tariff Bill was introduced 

 in Congress on the third day of the first session in 

 1789 and received favorable consideration. As 

 finally passed, this bill may be regarded as both a 

 revenue and a protective measure. 



Policy of Protection 



Previous to 1808 the protective feature of the 

 Tariff Act was only mildly protective. The duties 



1 The Tariff History of the United States, Chap. II, p. 13. 



