THE GROWTH OF GROUPS 179 



ago when it first dawned in the mind of man. Probably 

 this moment occurred not long after the first implements 

 were made. The whole idea of purpose and design in 

 nature must have come to man from a consideration of 

 implements, the work of his own hands. Spears were 

 made pointed in order to pierce. An animal's horns were 

 seen to be pointed for a similar purpose. Perhaps the 

 form of the weapon was suggested by that of the natural 

 objects ; but let that pass, it is evident that the idea of 

 natural design arose out of artificial design. The weapon 

 is pointed for a purpose, it was designed and made by 

 man. A horn is also pointed for a purpose, therefore it 

 also must have been designed by an agent, man-like in 

 quality, though far more powerful than man, since it was 

 able to create things which he could not hope to imitate. 

 This argument from analogy has satisfied a large part of 

 mankind in the past, and will continue to do so in future, 

 but we may be almost sure that from the first it was 

 not satisfactory to all men. As a result of the great 

 freedom of thought and expression which is the special 

 privilege of our times, it is evident that many writers 

 are dissatisfied with the argument from analogy. Any one 

 who is dissatisfied with the old explanation will adopt 

 one of two attitudes. Either he will seek, like Darwin, 

 for a new explanation, or he will not require an explana- 

 tion of any kind. But is it possible to assume one or 

 other attitude at will ? It seems to me that there is no 

 choice in a matter which depends on the innate quality 

 of the mind. Opinion is to a great extent the expression 

 of mental type, such types are distinctly appreciable, 

 though difficult to define. From a general point of view 

 there is no reason for regarding one type as better than 



