66 



Amphibia Labyrinthodontia. 



Wall-case, 

 No. 11. 



Table-case. 

 No.23. 



(Oryptobranchus) represented by the gigantic Salamander (M t 

 maximus) of China and Japan, with which we may probably 

 include the large Salamander from the Upper Miocene of Oenin- 

 gen, Switzerland, originally regarded as the remains of a fossil 

 man, and described by Scheuchzer as " homo diluvii testis" the 

 man who witnessed the Deluge ! 



Cryptobranchus Tschudii (Meyer) a much smaller form than 

 C. maximus, but with a skull of nearly the same form, is from 

 the Miocene Brown-coal beds of Bott, near Bonn, in the 

 Siebengebirge. 



The true Salamanders lose their gills when adult, but in 

 some individuals of Amblystoma they are persistent. The 

 existing crested Newt (Molge cristata) is found in the Norfolk 

 Forest-bed, other representatives occur in the Middle and Lower 

 Miocene of Europe. C/ielotriton is found in the Lower Miocene 

 of Allier ; Heliarchon in the Brown Coal of Bonn ; and Megalo- 

 triton in the Upper Eocene Phosphorites of Central France. 



Order III. LABYRINTHODONTIA. 



Wall-case, In this order the body is long and lizard-like (occasionally 



No. 11. snake-like) in form, with a tail, the pectoral limbs shorter than the 



Table- 

 cases, 

 Nos. 22, 

 23. 



FIG. 86. Mastodonsaurus giganteus (Jaeger), 

 from the Lettenkohle (Lowest Keuper) of 

 Wttrtemberg ; about $. Frontal aspect of 

 the cranium with the sculpture omitted ; SOc 

 supraoccipital ; p, epiotic; P, parietal; 

 Sq, squamosal ; ST, supratemporal ; Q.J, 

 quadratojugal; Ju, jugal; Pt, postf rental; 

 PtO, postorbital; Fr, frontal; Pr.F, pre- 

 frontal ; Z, lachrymal ; Na, nasal ; MX, 

 maxilla ; the premaxilla has no letter. 

 (After E. Fraas.) 



FIG. 87. Palatal aspect of cranium of Masto- 

 donsaurus giganteus (Jaeger) ; from the 

 Lower Keuper of Wtirtemberg. (After 

 Miall.) 



