GROUSE, BOB-WHITES, ETC. 183 



and neck barred, and back marked with numerous fine wavy lines of gray 

 and white or bufly ; central tail-feathers like the back, outer ones fuscous, 

 generally tipped with white ; breast and sides like the head and neck ; belly 

 white. Ad. 9 in, summer. Above black, barred with ochraceous-buif and 

 margined with grayish ; middle tail-feathers the same, outer ones as in the 

 male ; middle of the belly white, rest of the under parts like the back, but 

 with more ochraceous-buff. Winter plumage. Lores black, outer tail-feathers 

 as in summer, rest of the plumage white. W., 7'25 ; B. from N., -35 ; depth 

 of B. at N., -32. 



Range. " Arctic America in general, southeastward to the Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence (Anticosti), except the northern extremity of the peninsula of 

 Labrador, and region thence northward, Greenland and Aleutian Islands " 

 (Bendire). 



Nest, usually placed among the dwarf brush or sedge-covered patches of 

 the tundras. Eggs, six to ten, pale cream or yellowish buff, sometimes with 

 a vinaceous-rufous suffusion, spotted and blotched with clove-brown or dark 

 claret-red, 1-65 x 1-18 (Beudire). 



" In its general manners and mode of living it is said to resemble 

 albus [ = L. lagopus], but does not retire so far into the wooded coun- 

 try in the winter" (B., B., and E.). 



302a. L. r. reinhardti (Brehm). GREENLAND PTARMIGAN. "Sum- 

 mer male. Similar to corresponding stage of L. rupestris, but less regu- 

 larly and coarsely barred above. Summer female. Above chiefly black, this 

 varied irregularly with pale grayish buff, mostly in form of borders to the 

 feathers and spots along their edges, or occasionally imperfect bars, these lat- 

 ter most distinct on wings, where the two colors are in about equal propor- 

 tion ; lower parts light grayish buff, everywhere coarsely barred with black " 

 (Ridgw.). 



Range. Northern parts of Labrador northward to Greenland. 



"They prefer more open ground, and rarely straggle even into the 

 skirts of the wooded tracts. The hilltops and barrens (hence often 

 called the Barren Ground Bird) are their favorite resorts' 7 (Turner). 



303. Lagopus welchi Er>--H-4. "\VKI.CII'. PTAUMIOAN-. Ad. $ in 

 summer. Upper parts black, the head and neck barred with white and cchra- 

 ceous-buff, the back and wing-coverts finely and irregularly marked with 

 wavy lines of buffy and white ; tail grayish fuscous, the middle feathers 

 tipped with white; throat white, foreneck like the hind neck, breast and 

 sides like the back : rest of the under parts white. 9 . Upper parts black, 

 finely and irregularly barred with ochraceous-buff, grayish, and white ; cen- 

 tral tail-feathers like the back, others fuscous ; foreneck, breast, and sides 

 like the hind neck ; belly white. Winter plumage. White, tail fuscous, the 

 central feathers tipped with white ; lores Hack. W., T25 ; B. from N., -35 ; 

 depth of B. at N., -32. 



Remarlct. This species with L. rupextris is to be distinguished from 

 Lagopus lagopus by the ochraceous-buff instead of rufous markings, the fine 



