WOOD WARBLERS. 363 



671. Dendroica vigorsii (Aud.). PINE WARBLER. (See Fig. 53,6). 

 Ad. 3. Upper parts bright olive-green, sometimes washed with ashy; two 

 whitish wing-bars ; outer tail-feathers with white patches on their inner 

 vanes near the tip ; under parts bright yellow, more or less washed with ashy, 

 turning to white on the lower belly and under tail-coverts ; sides sometimes 

 with a few black streaks. Ad. 9 . Similar, but upper parts brownish olive- 

 green ; under parts soiled whitish ; breast tinged with yellow. L., 5 - 52 ; W., 

 2-81 ; T., 2-25 ; B. from N., -33. 



Range. Eastern North America ; breeds from Hayti (?), the Bahamas, 

 and Florida north to Manitoba and Maine ; winters from southern Illinois and 

 North Carolina southward. 



Washington, quite uncommon S. E., Mch. 25 to Oct. 25 ; abundant in fall. 

 Sing Sing, casual. Cambridge, common S. E., Apl. 10 to Oct. 20. 



Nest, of strips of bark, leaves, plant fibers, etc., in pines or cedars, thirty 

 to fifty feet up. Eggs, four to five, white or grayish white, with numerous 

 distinct and obscure cinnamon-brown to umber markings, chiefly in a wreath 

 or band at the larger end, '70 x -52. 



True to its name, the Pine Warbler is rarely found outside of pine 

 woods. In the south, where pineries may extend over half a State, it 

 is an abundant and generally distributed bird ; in the more northern 

 part of its range it is, from force of circumstances, a local species, 

 occurring only with the pines. 



In the winter it is found in small flocks, which may contain a few 

 Myrtle or Palm Warblers, and at this season it lives on or near the 

 ground. In the summer it is more arboreal. Its habit of clinging to 

 the trunk of a tree, or hopping along a limb while searching for insects 

 in crevices in the bark, has given it the misnomer of Pine Creeping 

 Warbler. 



Its song is a clear, sweet trill. Southern birds, in my experience, 

 have more musical voices, and their notes suggest those of the Field 

 Sparrow, while the song of northern birds has more the quality of the 

 Chipping Sparrow's. 



672. Dendroica palmarum (Gmel.). PALM WARBLER; EED-POLL 

 WARBLER. Ad. Crown chestnut; back olive grayish brown, indistinctly 

 streaked ; rump olive-green ; no wing-bars ; tail black, the outer feathers with 

 white patches on their inner vanes at the tips ; a yellow line over the eye ; 

 throat and breast bright yellow; belly soiled whitish, tinged with yellow; 

 sides of the throat, the breast, and sides streaked with chestnut-rufous ; under 

 tail-coverts yellow. Ad. in winter and Im. Crown-cap partly concealed by 

 brownish tips to the feathers and sometimes wanting ; line over the eye and 

 eye-ring white ; under parts soiled whitish, more or less tinged with yellow ; 

 breast streaked with dusky. L., 5-25 ; W., 2-64 ; T., 2-10 ; B. from N., -32. 



Range. Breeds in the interior of British America north of Manitoba and 

 west of Hudson Bay ; migrates southward through the Mississippi Valley and 

 winters in the South Atlantic and Gulf States, West Indies, and Mexico ; rare 

 in the North Atlantic States. 



