398 THRUSHES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. 



in many cases it is impossible to say to which birds certain records 

 apply. Doubtless there is little difference in their notes or habits, but 

 our knowledge of aliciir in its summer home is too limited for us to 

 say much about it (see, however, Nelson, Rep. on Nat. Hist. Collec- 

 tions made in Alaska, p. 216). 



75 7a. T. a. bicknelli /,'/./</ w. BICKNELL'S TIIRI-SH. Similar to the 

 j>ri.-i-f.ling, but averaging somewhat brighter and constantly smaller. L., 

 6-25-7-25; W., 3-40-3-80; T., 2-60-2-70 ; B., -50--52 (R'uU:w.i. 



Range. Breeds in the higher parts of the Cutskills ami northward to the 

 White Mountains and Nova Scotia; winters in the tropics. 



Washington, apparently ran- T. V., two instaiif >. May. Cambridge, 

 rather common T. V., May 15 to May 25 ; Sept. '25 to Oct. u. 



Ntst, essentially like that of T. swairmmiii, both in construction un.l posi- 

 tion. Eggs, greener and more finely spotted than tho> t - of ..////<// ( Iln-w- 

 Bter, Minot's Land Birds and Game Birds, -J.l ed., aj>|)cndi\. p. 468). 



"In northern New England BickncH's Thrush breeds from an alti- 

 tude of about three thousand feet (scattered pairs may !>< found lower 

 than this) to the extreme upper limits of tree growth, but most abun- 

 dantly among the dwarfed, densely matted spruces and balsams which 

 cover such extensive areas on the upper slopes and ridges of our higher 

 mountains. Here, in an atmosphere always cool and ordinarily situ- 

 rated with moisture from passing clouds, it spends the summer in 

 company with such birds as Swainson's Thrushes. Winter Wrens, 

 Yellow-rumped and Black-poll Warblers, Juncos, White-throated 

 Sparrows, and Yellow-bellied Flycatchers. In many places it is quite 

 as numerous as any of these species, and in certain favored localities 

 it probably outnumbers them all put together. Nevertheless one may 

 spend hours in its chosen haunts without Betting a fair view of a sin- 

 gle individual, for, despite (or perhaps really because of) the fact that 

 these solitudes are rarely invaded by man, Bicknell's Thrush is, while 

 breeding, one of the very shyest of our smaller birds. . . . 



" The song is exceedingly like that of the Veery, having the same 

 ringing, flutelike quality; but it is more interrupted, and it ends dif- 

 ferently, the next to the last note dropping a half tone, and the final 

 one rising abruptly and having a sharp emphasis. The ordinary calls 

 are a whistled pheu practically identical with that of T. fuscescens, a 

 harsh note which recalls the cry of the Night Hawk, a low cluck much 

 like that of the Hermit Thrush, and a pip or peenk similar to that of 

 Swainson's Thrush. The last is rarely heard " (Brewster, 1. c., p. 467). 



758a. Turdus ustulatus swainsonil ;'<;/,.>. OLIVK-BACKED 



Turn-mi : SWAINSON'S Tunt su. Ad. Uppi-r parts uniform lii-< : ; hack and 

 tail practically the same color: cye-rini: <K-ep, </,</ in-fi'itf. lores tin x/im* f 

 whole throat and breast with a strong tinge of deep creum-bull or ev oefcrn- 



