134 THE ROSE FAMILY. [Rubut 



b. R. curi/lifolius. Leaflets green underneath, usually large and broad. 

 Flowers not so numerous as in the common variety. In hedges and 

 thickets with the common variety, but usually flowering earlier. 



c. Jt. carpinifoliut. Leaflets green underneath, but not so broad, and 

 more pointed than in the last, the stems more hairy. Flowers not so 

 numerous. Chiefly in woods. 



d. R. glandulosus. Leaflets as in the last variety, or sometimes 

 broader, the stems with numerous stiff, glandular hairs mixed in with 

 the prickles. More frequent in shady woods than in open thickets. 



e. R. suberectus, Anders. Leaflets green, or slightly hoary underneath. 

 Stems shorter, and more erect than in the common forms. Flowers 

 usually few, and the fruit not so black. Occasionally found in wet 

 woods and thickets, especially in the west. 



[Mr. Baker, who has studied the genus for many years, enumerates 

 in the Student's Flora 22 sub-species of R. fruticosus, including R. casius 

 as one of them. These are divided into three principal groups 



a. Stems prickly, otherwise glabrous ; includes Jt. suberectus, frutieosui 

 eommunis, corylifolius, and ecesiui. 



b. Stems prickly and hairy, but hairs not glandular ; includes R. 

 carpinifolius. 



c. Stems prickly, bristly, and glandular-hairy ; includes R. glandu- 

 losus.] 



3. B. ceesius, Linn. (fig. 309). Dewberry. Very near R. fruticosus, 

 but distinguished by the more slender branches, more or less glaucous 

 when young, spreading or creeping along the ground, and seldom 

 arched ; the flowers few, in small, loose panicles ; the divisions of the 

 calyx narrow, with much longer points, closing more or less over the 

 fruit ; and especially by the glaucous bloom covering the fruit when 

 ripe. Leaves pale green on both sides. Prickles usually small, with 

 few or no hairs intermingled. 



In open fields and stony wastes, seldom penetrating into woods, or 

 climbing up into hedges, extending over Europe and Russian Asia, but 

 not an Arctic plant. Common in Britain. PL summer. It is believed 

 by some botanists to be as much connected with R. fruticosus by inter- 

 mediate forms as some of the above-enumerated varieties of that species 

 are with each other, but generally speaking it is not difficult to dis- 

 tinguish it. 



4. B,. saxatilis, Linn. (fig. 310). Stone R. The rootstock emits a 

 few creeping runners rooting at the nodes, and erect or ascending simple 

 stems seldom above a foot high, slender and downy, with a few small 

 prickles, or sometimes wholly unarmed. Stipules ovate-oblong or lan- 

 ceolate, scarcely adhering to the leafstalk. Leaflets usually 3, much 

 like those of R. casius, thin, and of a pale green. Flowers on slender 

 pedicels, 2 or 3 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming very 

 short racemes or corymbs, seldom growing out into short, leafy flower- 

 ing branches. Petals of a dirty white or greenish yellow, and very 

 narrow. Berries red, with very few rather large carpels. 



In open woods, diffused over the mountain regions of Europe and 

 central and Russian Asia ; more abundant, and descending to lower 

 elevations in more northern latitudes. Frequent in Scotland, in the 

 north of England, and along the western counties to South Wales ; ia 

 Ireland, chiefly in the north. PL summer. 



