194 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. [Peucedanwu. 



XXIII. PEUCEDANUM. PEUCEDAN. 



Leaves dissected. Umbels compound, with partial involucres of 

 many bracts. Petals white or yellowish, entire or notched, with an 

 inflected point. Fruit flattened from front to back ; the calycine 

 teeth very small or indistinct. Carpels broad, with 3 prominent ribs 

 on the back, the edges expanded into a wing, those of the 2 carpels 

 so close as to form a single edge to the fruit before the carpels separate. 

 Vittas single under the furrows. 



A large genus, widely spread over Europe, Asia, and North America, 

 scarcely differing from Heradewm except in t,ke more evident ribs of the 

 carpels, the more slender vittas, and generally in habit. 



Segments of the leaves narrow-oblong or linear. 



Leaves several times ternate. Flowers yellowish . . . 1. P. officinale. 



Leaves twice or three times pinnate. 1'lowers white . . 2. P. palustre. 

 Leaves of 3 broad segments, each one 3 inches long, and often 



3-lobed .... 3. P. Ostruthium. 



The DUlseed (Anethum gravcolens), often cultivated as a condiment, 

 has the fruit of a Peucedanum, with the fine leaves of a Fceniculum. 



1. P. officinale, Linn. (fig. 435). Hog's Fennel, Sulphur-weed. A 

 glabrous perennial, with erect, branching stems, 2 or even 3 feet high. 

 Leaves 3, 4, or 5 times ternate, with narrow-linear entire segments, 

 often above 2 inches long. Umbels large, of 20 or more rays, with 

 pale yellow flowers. Bracts of the general involucre very few or 

 wanting ; those of the partial involucres very narrow and shorter 

 than the pedicels. Fruit broadly oval, near 3 lines long. 



In meadows and moist pastures, in central and eastern Europe and 

 Russian Asia, or near the sea in western Europe. Very rare in Britain : 

 forms of (Enanthe pimpinelloides or of SUaus pratensis have been so 

 frequently mistaken for it, that the only certain stations are the salt 

 marshes of Kent and Esses, and the Channel islands. Fl. summer and 



2. P.' palustre, Mcench. (fig. 430). Hog's Fennel, Milk Parsley. 

 Tall and erect like the last, but often hairy at the base, and the juice 

 is milky. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate rather than ternate with 

 much shorter segments, varying from oblong to linear, and seldom 

 exceeding half an inch. Umbels not so large as in P. ojficinale although 

 consisting of as many rays. Flowers white. Involucres both general 

 and partial, of several lanceolate or linear bracts, with fine points. 

 Fruit broadly oval, about 2 lines long. 



In wet meadows and marshes, in central, eastern, and northern 

 Europe, and Russian Asia, to the Arctic Circle. Apparently wanting 

 in western France, although it extends into Spain. Like P. officinale, 

 very local in Britain, and only known for certain in the marshes of 

 eastern England, from Suffolk to Yorkshire, and in Somerset. Fl. late 

 in summer. 



3. P. Ostruthium, Koch. (fig. 437). Master-wort. Stock perennial, 

 with stout, erect stems, 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves divided into 3 large, 

 broad segments, which are again deeply 3-lobed and coarsely toothed, 

 3 to 4 inches long, and often rather rough with a few short hairs, but 

 much less so than in Heradeum; the lateral segments descend much 

 lower along the leafstalk on the outer than on the inner side. Umbels 

 large, terminal, of 40 or 50 rays, without any general involucre, and 



