468 THE LILY FAMILY. 



and then it is distinguished from A. vineale by the long points of the 

 gpatha-bracts. [A. complanatum, Bor., is a broad-leaved form.] 



4. A. Schoenoprasum, Linn. (fig. 1051). Chives. Stems about a 

 foot high, often several together. Leaves very narrow, but cylindrical 

 and hollow, only one of them sheathing the stem at its base. Umbel 

 contracted into a dense globular head of rather large, purplish flowers, 

 without bulbs. Spatha of 2 or 3 broad, coloured bracts, much shorter 

 than the flowers. Perianth-segments 3 to 4 lines long, very pointed. 

 Stamens all alike and simple, considerably shorter than the perianth. 



In rocky pastures, throughout temperate and northern Europe and 

 Russian Asia, and in the mountain districts of southern Europa Rare 

 in Britain, being only recorded from Northumberland, Lancashire, 

 Brecon, and Cornwall. PL summer. [A. sibiricum, L., is a large form 

 with recurved leaves, found at Kynance Cove.] 



5. A. Bphserocephalum, Linn. (fig. 1052). Round-headed L. Stems 

 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves few and short, very narrow, nearly cylindri- 

 cal, and hollow, their sheathing bases covering the lower half of the 

 stem. Umbel globular, rather dense, with numerous purplish flowers, 

 without bulbs. Spatha of 2 bracts, shorter than the flowers. Perianth 

 about 2 lines long. Stamens usually longer than the perianth, the 

 3 inner filaments broad and 3-cleft. 



In cultivated and waste places, in central and southern Europe, ex- 

 tending eastward to the Caucasus and northward over a great part of 

 Germany and Belgium. In Britain, confined to the neighbourhood of 

 Bristol, and the Channel Islands. PL summer. 



6. A. vineale, Linn. (fig. 1053). Crow Garlic. Very near A. 

 iphcerocephalum, and perhaps only the bulb-bearing form of that 

 species. The stature, foliage, and flowers are the same, except that 

 the perianth is usually much paler and greener, and the inner filaments 

 are said to be rather more deeply cleft. The umbel always bears bulbs 

 intermixed with the flowers, or bulbs only without flowers. In the 

 latter case it is distinguished from A. oleraceum most readily by the 

 want of the long points to the spatha-leaves. 



In cultivated and waste places, over the greater part of Europe, and 

 more common in the north than A. spkarocephalum, extending far into 

 Scandinavia. Local in England, Ireland, and Scotland. PL early 

 summer. 



7. A. ursinum, Linn. (fig. 1054). Ramsons. Readily distinguished 

 by the thin, flat, spreading leaves, 6 to 8 inches long and above an inch 

 broad, on long stalks, not sheathing the stem above-ground. Flower- 

 stem not a foot high, bearing a loose umbel of about a dozen white 

 flowers ; the spatha-bracts usually falling off before the flower expands. 

 Perianth-segments lanceolate, very spreading. Stamens shorter, all 

 simple. 



In woods and shady places, in central and southern Europe, extend- 

 ing all across Russian Asia, and northward to southern Scandinavia. 

 Dispersed all over Britain, and in some places very abundant, but not 

 everywhere common. PL spring or early summer. 



8. A. triquetrum, Linn. (fig. 1055). Triquetrous L. Leaves broadly 

 linear, flat but folded and keeled, only sheathing the stem at its very 

 base, and sometimes very long. Klower-stem not a foot high, bear- 

 ing a loose, slightly drooping umbel of rather large white flowers. 



