Juncus.] LXXXVI. JUNCACEA. 473 



at the base of the branches or peduncles bearing the others. Perianth 

 longer than in /. capitatus, the segments scarcely acute, striate. Capsule 

 narrow, and longer than in /. capitatus. Seeds more distinctly ribbed. 

 In moist, sandy situations, in western and southern Europe, from 

 Sicily and Portugal, over the greater part of France, reappearing in 

 south-western Scandinavia, and near the Lizard and Kynance Downs 

 in Cornwall. PL summer. 



12. J. capitatus, Weig. (fig. 1071). Capitate R.A. slender, tufted 

 annual, 2 or 3 inches high, resembling the smaller specimens of 

 J. bufonius, but the flowers are smaller, collected in terminal clusters 

 of 6 or 8, with very rarely a second or third cluster lower down. 

 Perianth-segments under 2 lines long, ending in a fine, often recurved 

 point. Capsule very much shorter, obovoid. Stamens usually 3. 



In sandy situations, in western and southern Europe, and again in 

 the Netherlands, north Germany, and southern Scandinavia. In the 

 British Isles only recorded from West Cornwall and the Channel 

 Islands. PL summer. 



13. J. maritimus, Sm. (fig. 1072). Sea R. Stems 2 to 3 feet high, 

 in large tufts, very rigid, terminating in a prickly point, the sheathing 

 scales at their base also terminating each in a stilt', cylindrical, stem- 

 like, prickly leaf, shorter than the real stems. Flowers rather numer- 

 ous, in little clusters, forming a loose, irregularly compound panicle ; 

 the outer bract at its base erect and nearly as long as or longer than 

 the panicle, but more dilated at the base and looking less like a con 

 tinuation of the stem than in J. communis. Perianth -segments about 

 1 J lines long. Capsule rather shorter, or scarcely longer. 



In maritime sands, widely spread along the shores of the Atlantic, 

 from North America and Europe far into the southern hemisphere, and 

 along the Mediterranean to the Caspian Sea, but not penetrating far 

 into the Baltic, and not an Arctic plant. Occurs on many parts of the 

 English and Irish coasts, but rare in Scotland. PI. summer, rather late. 



14. J. acutus, Linn. (fig. 1073). Sharp R. Very near /. maritimus, 

 but more rigid and prickly, the flowers rather larger, not so numerous, 

 in closer panicles, and usually browner, and the stout capsule is con- 

 siderably longer than the perianth-segments. 



In maritime sands, along the shores of the Atlantic, and up the 

 Mediterranean to the Caspian Sea, but not on those of the North Sea 

 or the Baltic, nor yet recorded from the southern hemisphere. Rather 

 more frequent than /. maritimus, but confined to the southern coasts 

 of England, from Wales to Norfolk, rarer than that species in Ireland. 

 PL. summer, rather early. 



15. J. trifidus, Linn. (fig. 1074). Highland R. Perennial stock 

 densely tufted, formed of a shortly creeping rootstock and the persistent 

 bases of the numerous stems and closely sheathing brown scales. 

 Stems slender, not 6 inches high, with 2 or 3 slender filiform leaves or 

 bracts in their upper part, 2 or 3 inches long, the 1 or 2 uppermost 

 having at their base a single sessile flower or a cluster of 2 or 3. Peri- 

 anth-segments very pointed, rather longer than the capsule. 



In rocky and gravelly situations, in northern and Arctic Europe, 

 Asia, and North America, and in the higher mountains of central 

 Europe. In Britain, only in the Highlands of Scotland, where it id 

 frequent on stony summits. PL summer. 



