THE URINARY ORGANS. 



651 



In another class of cases the inflammation assumes a necrotic charac- 

 ter. Larger and smaller shreds and patches of the umcosa die, become 

 brown or gray in color, loosen or peel off, and become mixed with the 

 urine and exudations. The gangrenous process may extend to all the 



FIG. 413. HYPERPLASIA OF THE BLADDER EPITHELIUM. 

 The hyperplastic epithelium is transparent and dipping into the submucosa forms gland-like structures. 



coats of the bladder, so that perforation and fatal peritonitis may occur. 

 The gangrenous form of cystitis is more apt to occur in paralytics. 



In still another class of cases the inflammation is suppurative. The 

 submucosa, the intermnscular connective tissue, and the adjacent parts 



Fio. 414. HYPKUPLASIA OF THE BLADDER EPITHELIUM. 

 The epithelium has assumed the squamous type and is exfoliating. 



become infiltrated with pus, either diffusely or in the form of larger and 

 smaller abscesses, which may open externally or internally, forming deep 

 ulcers. In all these cases the inflammation may extend to the ureters 

 and kidneys ; it may skip the ureters and involve the kidneys. 



The small nodules of lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of 

 the bladder, especially near the neck, may become enlarged and promi- 



