REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF THE MALE. 725 



sion of the ducts by hypertrophy of the interstitial tissue, tumors, etc., or 

 as a result of faulty development. 



PARASITES AND CONCRETIONS. 



Echinococcus of the prostate has been described, but is rare. 



Concretions. Small ovoidal or spheroidal, often brown or black bodies, 

 having the characters of corpora amylacea, are of very frequent occur- 

 rence in the alveoli of the prostate, particularly in old persons. We find 

 a certain number of them in the prostate of nearly all old men, but they 

 are sometimes present in great numbers. Larger, irregular concretions, 

 apparently formed by the coalescence or growth of the smaller ones, are 

 less frequently found, and may be encrusted with lime salts. These con- 

 cretions may give rise to ulceration of the ducts of the gland or to inter- 

 ference with the passage of urine, but usually they are of no practical 

 importance. 



Cowper's Glands. 



Inflammatory processes, acute or chronic, may occur in these organs in 

 connection with urethritis or prostatitis. Abscesses may form; the 

 glands, either in acute or chronic inflammation, may become enlarged 

 and encroach upon the lumen of the urethra. Retention cysts formed by 

 the closure of the excretory ducts may also project into the urethral 

 canal. 



The Male Mamma. 



There may be an abnormal number of mammae. In boys, at about 

 the time of puberty, the mammse may be swollen and inflamed or they 

 may secrete milk. Cases are recorded in which adult males possessed 

 large mamma} which secreted milk. The breasts may be enlarged from 

 an increase of fat or of connective tissue. 



Fibroma, sarcoma, cysto-sarcoma, myxoma, and various forms of carci- 

 noma 1 may occur. 



Cysts of the male breast are not very infrequent. 



1 For bibliography of carcinoma of the male breast see Warfield, Johns Hopkins 

 Hosp. Bull., vol. xii., p. 305. 



