834 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



Sarcoma occurs in any part of the brain. It may be single or multi- 

 ple. The tumors are composed of round or fusiform cells with more or 

 less basement substance. 



Endothelioma is found in the substance of the brain. The tumors are 

 of the types described as occurring in the pia mater. 



Angioma. Small collections of dilated vessels are found in the sub- 

 stance of the brain. They seem to be congenital like the nsevi of the 

 skin. 



Carcinoma occurs in the brain. It is usually, if not always, secon- 

 dary to carcinoma in some other organ. 



TUMORS or THE CORD. 



In the pia mater of the cord are sometimes found small fibromata, 

 osteomata, and lipomata. Multiple fibromata occasionally occur in the 

 cord in connection with multiple fibromata of the peripheral nerves. 



Endotheliomata of the types described as existing in the pia mater of 

 the brain are much more rarely found in the pia mater of the cord. 



A fatty sarcoma 1 of the pia mater, which infiltrated the cord, formed 

 a tumor as large as a filbert, and had for twelve years caused gradually 

 increasing paraplegia, has been described. 



Two curious cases 2 of diffuse sarcoma and one of eudothelioma of the 

 pia mater of the whole length of the cord are recorded. They occurred 

 in girls of four-and-a-half, sixteen, and twenty-two years of age. In each 

 case the pia mater of the whole length of the cord was diffusely thickened 

 and studded with nodules. In two of the cases the growth was com- 

 posed of round cells, in the third case of large endothelial cells arranged 

 in alveoli. In two of the cases the clinical symptoms lasted only for 

 about three weeks, in the third case for five months. The acuteness 

 of the symptoms was such as to indicate the existence of spinal menin- 

 gitis. 



In the spinal cord itself gliomata, fibromata, sarcomata, glio-sarcomata, 

 and angio-sarcomata occur, but are rare. 



When gliomata or glio-sarcomata do occur in the spinal cord, the new 

 growth is apt to extend for some distance lengthwise in the cord and to 

 be attended with the formation of a cavity ; this condition is usually de- 

 scribed under the name of syr'mgomyelia. 



Cysts may occur as a result of softening or from unknown causes. 

 Sometimes very long, narrow canals are found in the spinal cord, even 

 reaching nearly its whole length. Some of these are evidently the di- 

 lated central canal, as they are lined with epithelium. Others, how- 

 ever, doubtless originate in haemorrhages (see Hsematomyelopore, page 

 794). 



Syringomyelia. This lesion of the spinal cord consists in the formation 



1 Turner, Trans. London Path. Soc., xxxix. 



8 Coupland, Trans. London Path. Soc., xxxviii. ; Arch, flir Psych., 1885. 



