i;8 ANNUALS, BIENNIALS, AND PERENNIALS [CH. 



Biennials live as half-developed plants through one 

 winter. They should be sown in summer and pricked out 

 as soon as large enough, so that they may be strong 

 plants before being transplanted in autumn. The two 

 moves act as a kind of check to their growth, and tend 

 to make them dwarf and bushy. 



The different kinds of Stock Intermediate, East 

 Lothian, and Brompton, should be sown in spring for 

 autumn use ; in June, July, and August for blooming the 

 following summer. The White Lothian and Princess 

 Alice are beautiful pure strains of White, and are 

 equally good for pot culture and border. 



Wallflowers are usually sown in May and transplanted 

 once or twice before winter. 



About the same time we should sow Perennials, 

 e.g. Larkspurs, Snapdragons (Antirrhinum}, Aquilegias, 

 and Penstemons, Evening Primroses (G not hero), Sweet 

 Williams (Dianthus barbatus}, and Campanulas. 



The same precautions are needful for these biennials 

 and perennials as for the half-hardy annuals, only that, 

 as they are sown in early summer, they have no need for 

 glass at any stage of their growth. However, each plant 

 should be treated as a separate item, and not merely as 

 one of a handful. 



If Sweet Peas have not been raised in autumn, they 

 should be sown in January in the open ground, previously 

 well manured, or on peat sods in the frame, and planted 

 out in lines or clumps rather thinly. Mr Eckford and 

 the American florists have produced "some marvellous 



