56 Artificial Systems and Terminology of Organs [BOOK I. 



among which he gives the first rank to that of Cesalpino ; he 

 has also pointed out the peculiar characteristics of each system, 

 and has appended to the old names of the genera those with 

 which he has himself made us familiar. This invaluable work, 

 which is a key to the understanding of the efforts that were 

 made in systematic botany from Cesalpino to Linnaeus himself, 

 will often be referred to in later pages of this history; it 

 will supply us here with a tabular view of Cesalpino's main 

 divisions as precisely formulated by Linnaeus, which is well 

 worth the space it will occupy, as presenting the first plan pro- 

 posed for a systematic arrangement of the vegetable kingdom, 

 with characters for each division. For the better understanding 

 of these diagnoses it should be remembered that the 'cor ' (heart) 

 is the important point in the seed with Cesalpino, and that it 

 is the place in the embryo where the radicle and the plumule 

 unite, as has been said in a former page ; Cesalpino himself 

 says somewhat inexactly, the place from which the cotyledons 

 spring. 



The characters of the classes are given, for brevity's sake, in 

 Latin. 



ARBOREAE 

 (Arbores et frutices). 



I. Corde ex apice seminis. Seminibus saepius solitariis (e.g. 

 Quercus, Fagus, Ulmus, Tilia, Laurus, Prunus). 



II. Corde e basi seminis, seminibus pluribus (e.g. Ficus, 

 Cactus, Morus, Rosa, Vitis, Salix, Coniferae, etc.). 



HERB ACE AE 



(Suffrutices et herbae). 



III. Solitariis seminibus. Semine in fructibus unico (e.g. 

 Valeriana, Daphne, Urtica, Cyperus, Gramineae). 



IV. Solitariis pericarpiis. Seminibus in fructu pluribus, 

 quibus est conceptaculum carnosum, bacca aut pomum (e.g. 

 Cucurbitaceae, Solaneae, Asparagus, Ruscus, Arum). 



V. Solitariis vasculis. Seminibus in fructu pluribus quibus 



