CHAP, ii.] from Cesalpino to Linnaeus. 57 



est conceptaculum e sicca materia (e.g. various Leguminosae, 

 Caryophylleae, Gentianeae, etc.). 



VI. Binis seminibus. Semina sub singulo flosculo invicem 

 conjuncta, ut unicum videantur ante maturitatem ; cor in parte 

 superiore, qua flos insidet. Flores in umbella (Umbelliferae). 



VII. Binis conceptaculis (e.g. Mercurialis, Poterium, Galium, 

 Orobanche, Hyoscyamus, Nicotiana, Cruciferae). 



VIII. Triplici principio (ovary) non bulbosae. Semina 

 trifariam distributa; corde infra sito, radix non bulbosa (e.g. 

 Thalictrum, Euphorbia, Convolvulus, Viola). 



IX. Triplici principio bulbosae. Semina trifariam distributa ; 

 corde infra sito, radix bulbosa (Large-flowered Monocotyledons). 



X. Quaternis seminibus. Semina quatuor nuda in communi 

 sede (Boragineae and Labiatae). 



XL Pluribus seminibus, anthemides. Semina nuda plurima, 

 cor seminis interius vergens ; flos communis distributus per 

 partes in apicibus singuli seminis (Compositae only). 



XII. Pluribus seminibus, cichoraceae aut acanaceae. Semi- 

 na nuda plurima, cor seminis inferius vergens, flos communis 

 distributus per partes in apicibus singuli seminis (Compositae, 

 Eryngium, and Scabiosa). 



XIII. Pluribus seminibus, More communi. Semina solitaria 

 plurima, corde interius ; flos communis, non distributus, infe- 

 rius circa fructum (e. g. Ranunculus, Alisma, Sanicula, Geranium, 

 Linum). 



XIV. Pluribus folliculis. Semina plura in singulo folliculo 

 (e.g. Oxalis, Gossypium, Aristolochia, Capparis, Nymphaea, 

 Veratrum, etc.). 



XV. Flore fructuque carentes (Filices, Equiseta, Musci, 

 including Corals, Fungi). 



The examples appended by me to the diagnoses show that 

 with the exception of the sixth, tenth, and fifteenth classes, no 

 one perfectly represents a natural group of the vegetable king- 

 dom. Most of them are a collection of heterogeneous objects, 

 and the distinction of Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons, almost 



