68 Artificial Systems and Terminology of Organs [BOOK i. 



of his 'Historia plantarum universalis Oxoniensis,' the third 

 portion of which was published after his death by Bobart in 1699, 

 a collection of most of the plants then known and a large 

 number of new ones with descriptions ; the systematic arrange- 

 ment in this work is to be seen in Linnaeus' 'Classes 

 Plantarum.' If Morison in his criticism of Bauhin displayed 

 considerable acuteness within narrow circles of affinity, his 

 universal system on the contrary shows extremely small feeling 

 for affinities on the large scale ; the most different forms are 

 brought together even in the smaller divisions ; the last class 

 of his Bacciferae, for example, contains genera like Solanum, 

 Paris, Podophyllum, Sambucus, Convallaria, Cyclamen, a result 

 which is the more surprising as Morison does not, like 

 Cesalpino, confine himself to single fixed marks, but has 

 regard also to the habit. On the whole his arrangement as 

 an expression of natural affinities must be ranked after those 

 of de 1'Obel and Bauhin. 



Morison's merit lay in truth less in the quality of what he 

 did, than in the fact that he was the first to renew the culti- 

 vation of systematic botany on a comprehensive scale. The 

 number of his adherents was always small ; in Germany Paul 

 Ammann, Professor in Leipsic, adopted Morison's views in his 

 'Character Plantarum Naturalis' (1685), and Paul Hermann, 

 Professor in Leyden from 1679 to 1695, after collecting plants 

 in Ceylon for eight years, proposed a system founded on that 

 of Morison, but which can scarcely be called an improvement 

 upon it. 



In contrast to Morison, JOHN RAY 1 (1628 to 1705) not only 



engraving on copper-plate had taken its place. A thick volume of figures 

 of plants in the largest folio size engraved on copper, the ' Hortus Eistad- 

 tensis,' appeared in the beginning of the i7th century. 



1 John Ray, born at Black Notley in Essex, was also a zoologist of emi- 

 nence. He studied theology and travelled in England and on the continent, 

 and afterwards devoted himself entirely to science, being supported by 

 a pension from Willoughby. See Carus, ' Geschichte der Zoologie,' p. 428. 



