TUBULARIAD.E : TUBULARIA. 49 



21 0. Stew. Elem. ii. 437. Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 563. Lam, Anim. s. 



Vert. ii. 110; 2de edit ii. 125. Lamour. Cor. flex. 230: Expos. Method. 17. 



Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 299. Bosc Vers iii. 89, pi. 28, fig. 5 : a reduced copy from 



Ellis. Flem. Brit. Anim. 552. Johnston in Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 252. Dalyett 



in Edin. New Phil. Journ. xvii. 411 ; and xxi. 93 ; and in Rep. Brit. Assoc. an. 



1834, 600. Lister in Phil. Trans, an. 1834, 366, pi. 8, fig. 1. Harvey in Mag. 



Nat. Hist. n. s. ii. 511. Gould's Massachus. 350. Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. 



v. 250. Couch Zooph. Corn. 3 : Corn. Faun. iii. 1 3, pi. 2, fig. 1 , 2. Tubularia 



calamaris,Pa#. Elench. 81. Ehrenb. Corall. roth. Meer. 71. Tubularia gigantea, 



Lamour. Soland. 17, tab. 68, fig. 5. La Tubulaire chalumeau, Blainv. Acti- 



nolog. 470. 



Hob. On shells and stones from deep water, common. The Tub. 

 gigantea was sent to Lamouroux from the coast of Norfolk by Dr. 

 Leach, and is said to be very rare. " In the beautiful bay of Rothsay, 

 the Tub. indivisa seems to flourish upright on a muddy ground like 

 a flower, fixed by the tapering root-like termination of its horny 

 case." E. Forbes. 



The tubes are simple or sometimes divided once at the base, where 

 they are twisted and flexuous, fistular, even, continuous, or sometimes 

 wrinkled at distant intervals with a few annulations, horn-coloured, 

 from six to twelve inches in height, and about a line in diameter. 

 Ellis's comparison of them to "part of an oat-straw, with the joints 

 cut off" is very apt. They are filled with a soft, almost fluid, red- 

 dish-pink pulp in organic connection with the polypes, which project 

 from the open ends of the tubes, and are not retractile within them. 

 The body, or naked portion, of the polype forms a globular knob of 

 a scarlet colour, produced above into a sort of proboscis encircled 

 with a series of numerous short tentacula of the same colour. Around 

 the base of this body there is another circle of much longer tentacula, 

 from thirty to forty in number ; and between their insertion and the 

 body, clusters of oviform gemmules are produced at certain seasons. 

 The neck of the polype is greatly constricted ; and we find that the 

 recent tube is marked with several longitudinal pale lines, placed at 

 equal distances, and which are evidently caused by some structure of the 

 interior pulp, for when empty the tubes exhibit no such appearance. 

 What is their relation to the currents observed by Mr. Lister 1 As 

 the animal becomes weak when kept in a basin of sea-water, the 

 head drops off, like a flower from its stalk ; and if it be immersed, 

 even when most vivacious, in fresh water, the pulp is expelled from 

 the tubes until these are almost emptied. If this is effected by a 

 contraction of the tube (and the phenomenon is not otherwise easily 

 explained), does not this imply a degree of irritability in the polypi - 

 dom inconsistent with the theory of its extravascular character ? 



E 



