PLUMATELLID.E I ALCYONELLA. 391 



entire perfection; (Ann. des Sc. Nat., Part. Zool., vii. 120, plates 

 6 and 7;) but it appears that he has confounded the ova of the 

 Cristatella with true infusorial Xanthidia. See Ann. Nat. Hist, 

 iii. 444. 



FAMILY PLUMATELLID^:. 

 31. ALCYONELLA,* Lamarck. 



CHARACTER. Polypidom fixed, encrusting or floating, in the 

 form of an irregular sponge-like mass composed of vertical 

 aggregated membranaceous tubes opening on the surface. 

 Polypes ascidian, the mouth encircled with a single series of 

 filiform tentacula, depressed or incomplete on one side : eggs 

 coriaceous, smooth. 



1 . A. STAGNORUM. 



PLATE LXXIV. 



Variation a. Sponge-like, massive. Alcyonium fluviatile, Bosc Vers, iii. 159. Corall. 

 250. Ephydatia Gibbsii, Gray Brit. PL i. 353. Alcyonella stagnorum, Lam. 

 Anim. s. Vert. ii. 102, 2de edit. ii. 116. Stark Elem. ii. 442. Lamour. Soland. 

 tab. 76, fig. 58 (bad). Teale in Trans. Leeds Phil, and Lit. Soc. L 1 16, pi. 12 ; 

 and in Mag. Zool. and Bot. i. 293. A. fluviatilis, Raspail in Me"m. de la Soc. 

 d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, iv. 130, pi. 12 16. L 'Alcyonella des etangs, Blainv. Acti- 

 nolog. 491, pi. 85, fig. 8. 



Variation ft. Polypidom lobed or stellate. Polypes a Panache, Tremb. Mem. 210, pi. 

 10, fig. 8, 9. Reaum. Mem. des Insect, vi. pref. Ixxvi. The Bell- Flower Animal 

 or Plumed Polype, Baker Employ. Micros. 306, pi. 12, fig. 15 22. Hydra cam- 

 panulata, Lin. Syst., edit. 10, 817. Tubularia crystallina, Pall. Blench. 85. 

 T. campanulata, Lin. Syst. 1303. Berk. Syn. i. 215. Shaw Nat. Misc. x. pi. 354. 

 Turf. Grnel. iv. 668. Turt. Brit. Faun. 211. Adams on the Microscope, 449, pi. 

 22, fig. 32. Bosc Vers, iii. 92. Blumenb. Man. 272. Leucophra heteroclita, 

 Mull. Infus. 158, pi. 32, fig. 2734, copied in Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 11, 

 fig. 40 46 (in its foetal condition). T. reptans, Bosc Vers, iii. 93. Plumatella 

 cristata, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 107, 2de edit. ii. 122. Stark Elem. ii. 441. 

 Blainv. Actinol. 490. PI. campanulata, Risso L'Europ. Merid. v. 308. Naisa rep- 

 tans, Corall. 99, pi. 6, fig. 4. Cristatella campanulata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 518. 

 C. paludosa, Dalyell in Rep. Brit. Assoc. an. 1834, 606. 



Hah. Stagnant waters, especially in such as are tinctured with 

 iron in solution ; their development chiefly in autumn. 



Polypidom, when at maturity, in large amorphous compact masses, 

 soft, compressible, and somewhat elastic, of a blackish-green colour, 

 irregularly lobulated or sinuous on the surface, which has a lubri- 



A diminutive from Halcyon. The sponge genus AlcyoneUum of Quoy and Gay- 

 mard, being of subsequent creation, cannot be retained. 



