102 ODOB^ENUS ROSMARUS ATLANTIC WALRUS. 



las. Another much like it was published soon after in Macgil- 

 livray's British Quadrupeds, * and still another, also quite simi- 

 lar, in Hamilton's Marine Carnivora.t The vignette-titlepage of 

 the last-named work also represents a " Walrus hunt," in which 

 a boat's crew are depicted as attacking a group of five old Wal- 

 ruses. The plate in Hamilton's "Amphibious Carnivora" pur- 

 ports to have been drawn from a specimen in the Edinburgh 

 Eoyal Museum, and seems to be essentially the same as that 

 in Macgillivray's British Quadrupeds, with a somewhat altered 

 position and different background. In each of these plates 

 are represented two other distant figures of the Walrus. In 

 each, the tusks are long, and seem to represent the Pacific 

 rather than the Atlantic species, as is also the case in the " Dis- 

 ciples edition" of the Begne Animal. In all these last-named 

 figures, the hind limbs are directed posteriorly, but in other 

 respects they are fair representations. 



Dr. Kane, f in 1856, gave several illustrations of the animal, 

 and also of its breathing-holes, and of the implements employed 

 by the Innuits in Walrus-hunting. In Sonntag's "Narrative 

 of the Grinnell Exploring Expedition," published in 1857, a 



* Jardine's Nat. Library, Mam., vol. vii, 1838, pi. xx. 



tlbid., vol. viii, 1839, pi. i. 



t Arctic Exploration, vol. i, pp. 141 (" Walrus Sporting"), 142 ("Walrus- 

 hole), 419 ("portrait"); vol. ii, plate facing p. 214 ("Walrus Hunt off Pi- 

 kantlik" a nearly full figure. 



$This curious and apparently little known brochure, by the eminent 

 astronomer of the Expedition, is well worthy of attention, notwithstanding, 

 the ludicrously sensational character of the titlepage affixed by the en- 

 terprising pub Ushers. The titlepage, transcribed in full, is as follows : 

 "Professor Sonntag's Thrilling Narrative of the Grinnell Exploring Expe- 

 dition to the Arctic Ocean, in the years 1853, 1854, and 1855, in search of 

 Sir John Franklin, under the command of Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N. Con- 

 taining the History of all previous explorations of the Arctic Ocean, from 

 the year 1618 down to the present time ; showing how far they advanced 

 northward, what discoveries they made and their scientific observations. 

 The present whereabouts of Sir John Franklin and his party, if they are 

 still ah' ve. A statement of the only practicable method by which the North 

 Pole may be reached; the reasons why all exploring expeditions have 

 hitherto failed to penetrate the icy barriers of the Polar Eegions. Highly 

 important astronomical observations, proving that there is no such thing as 

 apparent time at the North Pole ; sufferings of Dr. Kane's exploring party ; 

 how they were buried for two years in the ice, enduring a degree of cold 

 never experienced by any human being before; their miraculous escapes 

 and unprecedented hardships; their abandonment of the ship ; and perilous 

 journey of four hundred miles over the ice. With nearly one hundred 

 splendid engravings. By Professor August Sonntag, Astronomer to the 



