HABITS. 357 



idly attempted to run after each report, and fling and drag 

 them back to their places 5 then, stretching up to his full height, 

 look me directly and defiantly in the face, roaring and spitting 

 most vehemently. The cows, however, soon got away from 

 him ; but he still stood his ground, making little charges on me 

 of 10 or 15 feet in a succession of gallops or lunges, spitting 

 furiously, and then retreating to the old position, back of which 

 he would not go, fully resolved to hold his own or die in the 

 attempt. 



"This courage is all the more noteworthy from the fact that, 

 in regard to man, it is invariably of a defensive character. The 

 seal, if it makes you turn when you attack it, never follows 

 you much farther than the boundary of its station, and no ag- 

 gravation will compel it to become offensive, as far as I have 

 been able to observe. 



"The cows, during the whole season, do great credit to their 

 amiable expression by their manner and behavior on the rook 

 ery ; never fight or quarrel one with another, and never or sel 

 doni utter a cry of pain or rage when they are roughly handled 

 by the bulls, who frequently get a cow between them and* tear 

 the skin from her back, cutting deep gashes into it, as they 

 snatch her from mouth to mouth. These wounds, however, 

 heal rapidly, and exhibit no traces the next year. 



"The cows, like the bulls, vary much in weight. Two were 

 taken from the rookery nearest Saint PauFs Tillage, after they 

 had been delivered of their young, and the respective weights 

 were 56 and 101 pounds, the former being about three or four 

 years old, and the latter over six. They both were fat and in 

 excellent condition. 



"It is quite out of the question to give a fair idea of the posi- 

 tions in which the seals rest when on land. They may be said 

 to assume every possible attitude which a flexible body can be 

 put into. One favorite position, especially with the cows, is to 

 perch upon a point or top of some rock and throw their heads 

 back upon their shoulders, with the nose held aloft, then, clos- 

 ing their eyes, take short naps without changing, now and then 

 gently fanning with one or the other of the long, slender hind 

 flippers ; another, and the most common, is to curl themselves 

 up, just as a dog does on a hearth-rug, bringing the tail and 

 the nos close together. They also stretch out, laying the head 

 straight with the body, and sleep for an hour or two without 

 moving, holding one of the hinder flippers up all the time, now 

 and then gently waving it, the eyes being tightly closed. 



