HABITS. 369 



one-third to one-half grown, and the first puff you expend upon 

 it easily shows the hide below, sometimes quite a broad welt. 

 This under-fur, or pelage, is so fine and delicate, and so much 

 concealed and shaded by the coarse over-hair, that a careless 

 eye may be pardoned for any such blunder, but only a very cas- 

 ual observer could make it. 



"The yearling cows retain the colors of the old coat in the 

 new, and from this time on shed, year after year, just so, for the 

 young and the old cows look alike, as far as color goes, when 

 they haul up on the rookeries in the summer. 



"The yearling males, however, make a radical change, com- 

 ing out from their i staginess' in a uniform dark- gray and gray- 

 black mixed and lighter, and dark ocher, on the under and up- 

 per parts, respectively. This coat, next year, when they come 

 up on the hauling-grounds, is very dark, and is so for the third, 

 fourth, and fifth years, when, after this, they begin to grow 

 more gray and brown, year by year, with rufous-ocher and 

 whitish-gray tipped over-hair on the shoulders. Some of the 

 very old bulls become changed to uniform dull grayish-ocher 

 all over. 



" The female does not get her full growth and weight until the 

 end of her fourth year, so far as I have observed, but does the 

 most of her growing in the first two. 



"The male does not get his full growth and weight until the 

 close of his seventh year, but realizes most of it by the end of 

 the fifth, osteologically, and from this it may be, perhaps, truly 

 inferred that the bulls live to an average age of eighteen or 

 twenty years, if undisturbed in a normal condition, and that 

 the cows attain ten or twelve under the same circumstances. 

 Their respective weight, when fully mature and fat in the spring, 

 will, I think, strike an average of four to five hundred pounds 

 for the male and from seventy to eighty for the female. 



" From the fact that all the young seals do not change much in 

 weight, from the time of their first coming out in the spring 

 till that of their leaving in the fall and early winter, I feel safe 

 in saying, since they, too, are constantly changing from land to 

 water and from water to land, that they feed at irregular but 

 not long intervals during the time they are here under obser- 

 vation. 1 do not think the young males fast longer than a week 

 or ten days at a time as a class. 



"They leave evidences of their being on these great repro- 

 ductive fields, chiefly on the rookeries, such as hundreds of 

 Misc. Pub. No. 12 24 



